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Antibacterial properties of subphthalocyanine and subphthalocyanine-TiO2 nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2018) Ozturk, Ismail; Tuncel, Ayga; Ince, Mine; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Hosgor-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
Nowadays the problem of antimicrobial resistance is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Treatment options for antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms are quite limited. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are needed to control infectious diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is one of the new treatment modalities proposed for a wide variety of infections. In the basic principle of aPDT, photosensitizers (PS) produce free radicals by irradiating them with harmless light at the appropriate wavelength, and this causes microorganism cell cytotoxicity. In this study, light emitting diodes (LED) (630-700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm(2)) were used on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) at different light doses under the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of SubPc and SubPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (SubPc-TiO2) concentration. Both compounds show good phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16, 24 J/cm(2)) were applied. In addition, SubPc-TiO2 were found to be more effective than SubPc in aPDT of S. aureus. In E. coli, the success of aPDT has been shown to be dependent on the increased light dose (20, 30 J/cm(2) ) for both compounds. As a result, the aPDT activity of SubPc-TiO2 is more effective than SubPc in increasing light doses.
Antifungal photodynamic activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on Candida albicans
(Elsevier, 2020) Ozturk, Ismail; Tuncel, Ayca; Yurt, Fatma; Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya; Ince, Mine; Ocakoglu, Kasim
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Candida albicans is one of the most virulent and common species of fungi to cause invasive fungal infections on humans. Alternative treatment strategies, including photodynamic therapy, are needed for controlling these infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal photodynamic activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of compounds were determined by the broth microdilution method. Uptake of the compounds in C. albicans and dark toxicity of the compounds were also investigated. Photodynamic inhibition of growth experiments was performed by measuring the colony-forming unit/mL (CFU/mL) of the strain. Maximum uptake into the cells was observed in the presence of 64 mu g/mL concentration for each compound except for ZnPc. Compounds did not show dark toxicity/inhibitory effects at sub-MIC concentrations on C. albicans when compared to the negative control groups. Zn(II)Pc, ZnPc, and ZnPc-TiO2 showed fungicidal effect after irradiation with the light dose of 90 J/cm(2) in the presence of the compounds. In addition to the fungicidal effects, SubPc, SubPc-TiO2, Es-SiPc, and Es-SubPc compounds were also found to have inhibitory effects on the growth of yeast cells after irradiation.
Antimicrobial activity enhancement of PVA/chitosan films with the additive of CZTS quantum dots
(Springer Link, 2023) Ceylan, Seda; Küçükosman, Rıdvan; Yurt, Fatma; Özel, Derya; Öztürk, İsmail; Demir, Didem; Ocakoğlu, Kasım
The wound environment is a breeding ground for pathogens, and traditional wound dressing materials lack antibacterial properties. In this work, we aimed to develop PVA/chitosan (P/C)-based wound dressing scaffolds with anti-infective properties using Cu2ZnSnS4 quantum dots (CZTS QDs) to prevent infections in the wound. CZTS quantum dots were prepared by a simple hydrothermal process and characterized using appropriate techniques such as TEM, XRD, FTIR spectrum, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. CZTS QDs were subsequently loaded at different concentrations onto PVA/chitosan membranes (0, 1.6, 2.5 and 3.3% w/w, based on the total polymer quantity). The chemical structure, contact angle and mechanical properties of the membranes were analyzed, and their antimicrobial activities and cell viability were also investigated. The cytocompatibility of the membranes and cell morphology was investigated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and SEM. Based on studies on the interactions between membranes and cells, it was determined that incorporation of CZTS QDs into the membrane did not cause toxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on loading CZTS QDs into membranes for tissue engineering applications, and the overall findings suggest that CZTS QDs-integrated membranes might have potentially appealing uses as antimicrobial films for wound healing.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus using zinc phthalocyanine and zinc phthalocyanine integrated TiO2 nanoparticles
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2019) Tuncel, Ayca; Ozturk, Ismail; Ince, Mine; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Hosgor-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing healthcare problem worldwide. In the present study, the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) of ZnPc and ZnPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (ZnPc-TiO2) were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus. A light emitting diode (LED) (630-700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm(2)) was used on S. aureus at different light doses (8 J/cm(2) for 11 min, 16 J/cm(2) for 22 min, 24 J/cm(2) for 33 min) in the presence of the compounds under the minimum inhibitory concentration values. Both compounds showed similar phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16 and 24 J/cm(2)) were applied. In addition, the success of APDT increased with an increasing light dose.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Staphylococcus Aureus using zinc phthalocyanine and zinc phthalocyanineintegrated TiO2 nanoparticles
(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2020) Tunçel, Ayça; Öztürk, İsmail; Ince, Mine; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Hoşgör-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing healthcare problem worldwide. In the present study, the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) of ZnPc and ZnPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (ZnPc-TiO2) were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus. A light emitting diode (LED) (630-700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm2) was used on S. aureus at different light doses (8 J/cm2 for 11 min, 16 J/cm2 for 22 min, 24 J/cm2 for 33 min) in the presence of the compounds under the minimum inhibitory concentration values. Both compounds showed similar phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16 and 24 J/cm2) were applied. In addition, the success of APDT increased with an increasing light dose. © 2021 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
Development of antimicrobial nanocomposite scaffolds via loading CZTSe quantum dots for wound dressing applications
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2022) Ceylan, Seda; Sert, Buse; Yurt, Fatma; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozturk, Ismail; Demir, Didem; Ocakoglu, Kasim
The antimicrobial properties of scaffolds designed for use in wound healing are accepted as an important factor in the healing process to accelerate the wound healing process without causing inflammation. For this purpose, chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes loaded with Cu2ZnSnSe4 quantum dots (CZTSe QDs) as an antibacterial and cytocompatible biomaterial to regulate the wound healing process were produced. CZTSe QDs particles were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Polymer-based nanocomposites with different concentrations of the synthesized nanoparticles were produced by the solvent casting method. After detailed physicochemical and morphological characterizations of CZTSe QDs and composite membranes, antibacterial activities and cell viability were extensively investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and yeast strains, and L929 mouse fibroblast cells lines, respectively. The results show that the preparation of composite scaffolds at a QDs concentration of 3.3% by weight has the best antimicrobial activity. Composite scaffold membranes, which can be obtained as a result of an easy production process, are thought to have great potential applications in tissue engineering as wound dressing material due to their high mechanical properties, wettability, strong antibacterial properties and non-toxicity.
Enhanced bacterial uptake of 131I-labeled antimicrobial imidazolium bromide salts using fluorescent carbon nanodots
(Elsevier, 2021) Duman, Ali Niyazi; Colak, Suleyman Gokhan; Alas, Melis Ozge; Er, Ozge; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozturk, Ismail; Yurt, Fatma
Imidazolium bromide salts have been shown as potent antibiotic molecules that show structure-based bioactivity related to their cation alkyl side chain length. To enhance the bioavailability of lipophilic alkyl side chains herein, a 1,8-naphthalimide group containing imidazolium bromide salts bearing different lengths of alkyl chains (NIM1, 2, and 3) are coupled with fluorescent carbon dots (C-NIMs) through electrostatic and pi-pi interactions. Further, obtained nanocarriers were radio-labeled with iodine-131 (I-131) to track the bacterial uptake of them by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activities were also investigated by the microdilution method. Comparison studies showed that both radiolabeling efficiency and lipophilicity increased when NIMs were integrated onto the CDots. More importantly, CDots resulted in 4-fold enhanced uptake of NIM1 by S. aureus bacterium as compared to pristine imidazolium bromide salts while at a higher number of alkyl chain lengths enhancement was 2-fold.
Evaluation of photodynamic therapy and nuclear imaging potential of subphthalocyanine integrated TiO 2 nanoparticles in mammary and cervical tumor cells
(World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd, 2019) Yurt, Fatma; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Er, Ozge; Soylu, Hale Melis; Ince, Mine; Avci, Clglr Biray; Kurt, Cansu Caliskan
This study, subphthalocyanines (SubPc) and SubPc integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (SubPc-TiO2) were synthesized as novel photosensitizers. Their PDT effects were evaluated. Furthermore, nuclear imaging potential of 131I-labelled SubPc/SubPc-TiO2 were examined in mouse mammary carcinoma (EMT6) and cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. The uptake results show that SubPc labelled with 131I radionuclide (131I-SubPc) in EMT6 and HeLa cell lines was found to be approximately the same as in the WI38 cell line. However, the uptake values of SubPc-TiO2 labelled with 131I (131I-SubPc-TiO2) in EMT6 and HeLa cell lines were determined to be two times higher than in the WI38 cell line. In other words, the target/non-target tissue ratio was identified as two in the EMT6 and HeLa cell lines. 131I-SubPc-TiO2 is promising for imaging or treatment of breast and cervix tumors. In vitro photodynamic therapy studies have shown that SubPc and SubPc-TiO2 are suitable agents for PDT. In addition, SubPc-TiO2 has higher phototoxicity than SubPc. As a future study, in vivo experiments will be held and performed in tumor-bearing nude mice. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Evaluation of photodynamic therapy and nuclear imaging potential of subphthalocyanine integrated TiO2 nanoparticles in mammary and cervical tumor cells
(World Sci Publ Co Inc, 2019) Yurt, Fatma; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Er, Ozge; Soylu, Hale Melis; Ince, Mine; Avci, Cigir Biray; Kurt, Cansu Caliskan
This study, subphthalocyanines (SubPc) and SubPc integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (SubPc-TiO2) were synthesized as novel photosensitizers. Their PDT effects were evaluated. Furthermore, nuclear imaging potential of I-131-labelled SubPc/SubPc-TiO2 were examined in mouse mammary carcinoma (EMT6) and cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. The uptake results show that SubPc labelled with I-131 radionuclide ((131) I-SubPc) in EMT6 and HeLa cell lines was found to be approximately the same as in the WI38 cell line. However, the uptake values of SubPc-TiO2 labelled with I-131(I-131-SubPc- TiO2) in EMT6 and HeLa cell lines were determined to be two times higher than in the WI38 cell line. In other words, the target/non-target tissue ratio was identified as two in the EMT6 and HeLa cell lines. I-131-SubPc-TiO2 is promising for imaging or treatment of breast and cervix tumors. In vitro photodynamic therapy studies have shown that SubPc and SubPc-TiO2 are suitable agents for PDT. In addition, SubPc-TiO2 has higher phototoxicity than SubPc. As a future study, in vivo experiments will be held and performed in tumor-bearing nude mice.
Imaging and detection of cell apoptosis by In vitro photodynamic therapy applications of zinc (II) phthalocyanine on human melanoma cancer
(Elsevier, 2021) Zeinali, Sevda; Tuncel, Ayca; Yuzer, Abdulcelil; Yurt, Fatma
This study aims to investigate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects on MeWo (human melanoma cells) and HaCaT (normal human keratinocyte cells) by light stimulation of different concentrations of Zinc (II)-tetra-tertbutyl-phthalocyaninato (ZnPc). MTT viability assay data indicated that a 25 mu M concentration of ZnPc is cytotoxic to the melanoma cancer cells while this concentration of ZnPc is not cytotoxic for the HaCaT cell line. Moreover, the results showed that photoactivated ZnPc at 12.5 mu M concentration reduced the cell viability of the MeWo cell line to about 50 %. At this photosensitizing concentration, the efficacy of light doses of 20, 30, 40, and 50 J/cm(2) was evaluated against MeWo and HaCaT cells. ZnPc at a concentration of 12.5 mu M activated with a light dose of 50 J/cm(2) was the most efficient for the killing of MeWo cells. In conclusion, the 12.5 mu M of ZnPc with the treatment light dose of 50 J/cm(2) from a RED light source was adequate to destroy MeWo cells by the ROS-induced apoptosis mechanism. It also exhibited low killing effects on healthy HaCaT cells. These findings are supported by the results of apoptosis with the Annexin V & Dead Cell Kit and fluorescence imaging.
Investigation of in vitro biological activities of hollow mesoporous carbon nanoparticles bearing D-NMAPPD on human lung adenocarcinoma cells
(Elsevier, 2022) Ugur, Naz; Harputlu, Ersan; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Demirdogen, Ruken Esra; Ince, Mine; Unlu, C. Gokhan; Yurt, Fatma
The uniformly dispersed hollow mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (HMCNPs) were successfully synthesized by hard-template methods, and D-NMAPPD (B13) was successfully loaded onto the nanoparticle surface for the first time. Structural properties of bare and B13 loaded HMCNPs (HMCNs-B-13) were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TG). The amount of drug released was determined via in vitro drug release studies at 37 degrees C in SBF through UV-Vis spectrometric and thermal analyses. TG data revealed that the proportion of loaded B-13 was 33.60%. Their ability to induce apoptosis in cultures of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated, and the inhibitory effect of HMCNPs-B-13 on lung cancer cell proliferation was determined in vitro. The IC50 values determined after application periods of 24 and 48 h were found to be 16.13 mu g/mL and 12.96 mu g/mL, respectively. The role of HMCNPs-B-13 on the morphology and ultrastructure of A549 cells was also investigated by confocal microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies.
Nuclear imaging potential and in vitro photodynamic activity of Boron subphthalocyanine on colon carcinoma cells
(Elsevier, 2020) Yurt, Fatma; Arslan, Tayfun; Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozel, Derya; Ocakoglu, Kasim
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been a promising clinical agent in various types of cancer in recent years. In this study, in vitro nuclear imaging and PDT potential of Es-SubPc (Boron subphthalocyanine) were evaluated in colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) and human healthy lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38). For this purpose, the Es-SubPc was labeled with I-131 using the iodogen method under the optimum conditions resulting in labeled with high yield (98.9 +/- 1.2%). In addition, the uptake rate of I-131-Es-SubPc was determined in HT-29 and WI-38 cell lines. In comparison to the healthy cell line, the uptake of 131I-Es-SubPc was found to be 2-fold higher in the HT-29 cell line. For PDT studies, both cells were exposed to white light at 30-90 J/cm(2) in the presence of Es-SubPc. The results showed that Es-SubPc was a good PDT agent likely to be used in HT-29 cell line. As a result, Es-SubPc can be promising nuclear imaging and PDT agent for colon carcinoma.
Photodynamic therapy potential of cobalt phthalocyanine in triple-negative breast cancer
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Dogan, Sifa; Ince, Mine; Sogutlu, Fatma; Avci, Cigir Biray; Ozel, Derya; Yurt, Fatma
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among breast cancers. The deficiency of hormone receptors (ER-/PR-/HER-2-) limits treatment options. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a safe treatment method for target-specific applications and has no toxic side effects. In this study, the efficacy of PDT on TNBC cells after activation of phthalocyanine derivative CoPc-COOH with RED light was investigated. The cytotoxicity of CoPc-COOH in MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h. To detect phototoxic activity, cells were exposed simultaneously to a dose range of CoPc-COOH at 48th hours and 20, 30, 40, and 50 J/cm2 RED light in a laser source with an output fluorescence of 12 mW/cm2. The apoptotic effect of single CoPc-COOH, RED light, and their combinations were examined by using the Annexin V method and the ROS generation potential using the carboxy-H2-DCFH-DA test in flow cytometry. DCF fluorescence intensity of control and dose groups were taken under the fluorescence microscope. The IC50 values of CoPc-COOH in MDA-MB-231 cells at the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours were calculated as 131.04 mu M, 66.75 mu M, and 59.74 mu M, respectively. In the phototoxicity test, 50 J/ cm2 application increased the IC50 dose of CoPc-COOH to 73.73 mu M; 20, 30, 40 J/cm2 application reduced the doses to 2.31 mu M, 0.20 mu M, and 28.14 mu M, respectively. Compared to the untreated group, it was determined that ROS formation and apoptotic stimulation were triggered significantly in treatment groups. A combination of CoPc-COOH and 40 J/cm2 showed the highest synergistic effect.
Subphthalocyanine as a fluorescence imaging agent for breast tumor
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2019) Yurt, Fatma; Ince, Mine; Er, Ozge; Soylu, Hale Melis; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Yilmaz, Osman
Tri-tert-butyl-carboxyl subphthalocyanine (SubPc) was synthesized and evaluated as a fluorescence agent. Fluorescence imaging for breast tumor in vivo was performed using nude mice as models. Results indicate high uptake in tumor at 20 h. Tumor-non tumor ratio was determined as 2.25. The imaging results demonstrate the potential of this fluorescence-imaging agent in the diagnosis of breast tumor. In the future, subphthalocyanine is also developing as a dual functional, which is fluorescence imaging and as a photodynamic therapeutic agent for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer.
Synthesis and antimicrobial photodynamic activities of axially {4-[(1E)-3-oxo-3-(2-thienyl)prop-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy} groups substituted silicon phthalocyanine, subphthalocyanine on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya; Ozturk, Ismail; Arslan, Tayfun; Tuncel, Ayca; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Hosgor-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
Today, the problem of antimicrobial resistance is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are important for controlling infectious diseases. In the basic principle of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), when harmless light at the appropriate wavelength absorbed by the photosensitizer, undergoes a transition from a ground state to a triplet state. The triplet state photosensitizer can interact with enzym and substrate molecules to produce free radicals and radical ions, or with molecular oxygen resulting in the generation of singlet oxygen which leads to cell cytotoxicity of the microorganism. For this purpose, axially {4-[(1E)-3-oxo-3-(2-thienyl) prop-1-en-1-yl] phenoxy} group substituted silicon phthalocyanine (Es-SiPc) and subphthalocyanine (Es-SubPc) were synthesized by reaction of SiPcCl2, SubPcCl with (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-thienyl)prop-2-en-1-one in the presence of NaH in toluene. The new Es-SiPc and Es-SubPc were characterized by standard spectroscopy methods. The effects of aPDT in the presence of phthalocyanines were investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) strains. Also, singlet oxygen generation of Es-SiPc and Es-SubPc were investigated. Our results suggest that the aPDT in the presence of newly synthesized Es-SiPc and Es-SubPc has promising antibacterial effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Synthesis of axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines and investigation of their in vitro cytotoxic/phototoxic anticancer activities
(World Sci Publ Co Inc, 2021) Yurt, Fatma; Saka, Ece Tugba; Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozel, Derya; Ocakoglu, Kasim
In this study, two SiPcs have been selected and the photodynamic therapy potentials were evaluated of the Pcs. Synthesis of Axially 2-decyn-1-oxy disubstituted Es-SiPc-2 was newly synthesized by the reaction of SiPcCl2 with 2-decyn-1-ol in the presence of NaH in toluene. Furthermore, their nuclear imaging potentials were evaluated in human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human lung fibroblast cell (WI-38) cell lines. The uptake results have indicated that Es-SiPc labeled with I-131 radionuclide (I-131-Es-SiPc) was approximately 2-fold higher in the HT-29 cell line than the WI-38 cell line. In other words, the target/non-target tissue ratio is defined as two in the HT-29/WI-38 cell lines. Besides, the uptake values of I-131-Es-SiPc were found to be higher than I-131-Es-SiPc-2. I-131-Es-SiPc and I-131-Es-SiPc-2 are promising for imaging or treating colon adenocarcinoma. In vitrophotodynamic therapy (PDT) studies have shown that both compounds are suitable and can be used in this field. Also, Es-SiPc has been shown to have higher phototoxicity than Es-SiPc-2.
Synthesis of new water-soluble ionic liquids and their antibacterial profile against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Duman, Ali Niyazi; Ozturk, Ismail; Tuncel, Ayca; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Colak, Suleyman Gokhan; Hosgor-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
A series of imidazolium bromide salts (NIM-Br 1a, 1b and 1c) bearing different lengths of alkyl chains were synthesized and theirin vitro antibacterial activities were determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. In addition, these imidazolium derivatives were also evaluated against biofilm produced by these bacterial strains. All compounds were found to be effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also more effective on the S. aureus biofilm production than the others.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the photochemical properties and photothermal conversion capacities of Mo2CTx-MXene@Fuc nanohybrids
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2025) Yurt, Fatma; Tuncel, Ayca; Kaya, Gul; Sert, Buse; Ozel, Derya; Harputlu, Ersan; Unlu, Cumhur Gokhan
Studies on synthesizing MXene hybrid materials continue in medicine, biomedicine, the environment, electronics, and many other fields. MXenes are very remarkable materials for diagnosis, treatment, and theranostic applications in oncology with their hydrophilic structure, large surface area, and biocompatibility. In this study, MAX phase and Mo2CTx MXene syntheses were first carried out and characterized by XRD and HR-TEM. Then, PAH and fucoidan were coated on the MXene surface, respectively, and characterized by FE-SEM, XPS, and Zeta potential methods. Experiments on Mo2CTx-MXene@Fuc nanohybrids have identified their photothermal conversion capacity and photostability, which are crucial for photothermal therapy applications. After calibration of laser devices at 808 and 1064 nm, the nanohybrids' response to laser exposure was monitored, with temperature changes recorded via a thermal camera. Additionally, the photothermal conversion capacity was deduced from heating and cooling durations, while singlet oxygen production efficiency was evaluated using the 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) fluorescent probe. These findings underscore the potential of Mo2CTx-MXene@Fuc nanomaterials in photothermal therapy, particularly their efficiency in converting NIR radiation into therapeutic heat.
The influence of central metal in phthalocyanine for photodynamic therapy of glioblastoma
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2023) Oral, Ayca Tuncel; Yuzer, A. Celil; Ozel, Derya; Ince, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and fatal brain tumor that tends to occur in older adults and has several subtypes. The fact that the mechanisms of initiation and progression of glioblastoma are not yet known is an obstacle to the treatment of the disease. For this reason, studies have been carried out in recent years to develop new therapeutic approaches. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a procedure that has been approved and is considered safe in most clinical trials. With the help of a photosensitizer (PS), tumor growth regression is promoted, aiming to prolong the survival of patients with glioma progression. It is extremely important to conduct studies focused on the development, application, and biodistribution of possible candidates for these photosensitizing drugs. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are good photosensitizers for this purpose. Here, we describe an approach to the application of photodynamic therapy with metal-phthalocyanines [zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and cobalt-phthalocyanine (CoPc)] and their carboxylic acid derivatives in U87-MG cell lines. For the phototoxicity study, percent viability values were calculated using the MTT test. The results showed that cell death was effectively induced in U87-MG cells. In our study, the phthalocyanines applied in the in vitro treatment of glioblastoma cell lines with PDT have shown high toxicity and the treatment has been successful. Our findings highlight the potential of ZnPc-COOH and CoPc-COOH with their carboxylic acid derivatives as biological material for biomedical applications in the treatment of glioblastoma cells.
Tümör Görüntüleme ve Fotodinamik Terapi için Simetrik/Asimetrik Makrosiklik Yapıların Sentezi ve Biyolojik Potansiyellerinin Karşılaştırılması
(2014) Ocakoglu, Kasim; Gunduz, Cumhur; Yurt, Fatma
Kanser, tedavisi henüz tam olarak bulunamamış ölümcül bir hastalıktır. Günümüzde kanser tedavisinde cerrahi girişim, kemoterapi ve radyoterapi olmak üzere yaygın olarak kullanılan üç ana yöntem vardır. Bunlara ek olarak hormon tedavileri ve destekleyici ilaçlar da kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, her üç yöntemde de kanserin tekrarlama riski oldukça yüksektir. Bu yöntemlere oranla çok az ya da hiç yan etki göstermeyen Fotodinamik Terapi (PDT) alternatif bir yöntem olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu nedenle, farklı ülkelerin sağlık kuruluşları tarafından birçok kanser türünün tedavisi için PDT'nin kullanılmasına izin verilmiştir. Tıpkı bitkilerden elde edilen klorofiller gibi PDT'de kullanılan moleküller belli bir dalga boyundaki ışığa karşı duyarlıdırlar. Bunların, normal dokuya kıyasla tümörlü dokuda seçimli olarak birikme eğilimleri daha fazladır. PDT, ışığa duyarlı ilacın hastaya verilmesinin ardından tümörlü dokuda birikmesini ve belli dalga boyundaki ışık ile uyarılarak tümörün yok edilmesi ilkesine dayanır. PDT uygulamalarında kullanılan ışığın dalga boyu genellikle 600-900 nm arasındadır. Bu ışığa duyarlı maddelerin (fotosensitizer, PS) tümör lokalizasyon yeteneğine sahip olmaları bunların bifonksiyonel ajan geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır ve bu nedenle araştırmalar bu tür maddeler üzerinde yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Tümör istekli PS türündeki moleküllerin kullanımı nükleer görüntüleme için hedefe istenilen radyoizotopun transferini sağlayan bir araçtır. Bu moleküllerin avantajı hem selektif görüntüleme ajanı olmaları hem de PDT için kullanılabilir birer bifonksiyonel ajan olmalarıdır. Literatürde PDT'de kullanılabilecek malzemelerle ilgili oldukça fazla sayıda çalışma göze çarpmaktadır. Bunlar arasında en çok dikkat çeken yapılar sentetik fitalosiyanin ile yarı-sentetik klorofil türevleriyle ilgili olanlardır. Daha uzun dalga boyunda (düşük enerjili) absorpsiyon yapan moleküller daha derinlerideki tümörlü dokulara ulaşılabilmesini kolaylaştırır ve kısa dalga boylu (yüksek enerjili) ışığa göre dokulara daha az zarar vererek PDT'nin etkinliğini arttırır. Çalışmamızda simetrik/asimetrik makrosiklik türevler sentezlenerek bunların biyolojik potansiyelleri arasındaki farklılıkların ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Sentezlenen moleküller, 131I ile işaretlenerek farmakokinetiğinin incelenmesi için erkek Albino Wistar sıçanlarda biyodağılım çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu türevlerin PDT potansiyeli tümör hücrelerinde (HeLa ve EMT-6) değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmalar sonunda meme kanseri ve servik adenokarsinomda PDT aktivitesine sahip yeni fotosensitizerler sentezlenmiş ve PDT potansiyelleri in vitro olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca radyoişaretli PS'lerin farmakokinetikleri ve organ tutulumları in vivo çalışmalar ile tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar, farklı türdeki tümörlerin nükleer görüntülemesinde ve PDT'de kullanılabilecek bifonksiyonel ajan oluşturulmasında ve ayrıca tümörlü hayvan modellerindeki araştırmalara temel bir adım olmuştur.

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