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    Antifungal photodynamic activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on Candida albicans
    (Elsevier, 2020) Ozturk, Ismail; Tuncel, Ayca; Yurt, Fatma; Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya; Ince, Mine; Ocakoglu, Kasim
    Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Candida albicans is one of the most virulent and common species of fungi to cause invasive fungal infections on humans. Alternative treatment strategies, including photodynamic therapy, are needed for controlling these infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal photodynamic activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of compounds were determined by the broth microdilution method. Uptake of the compounds in C. albicans and dark toxicity of the compounds were also investigated. Photodynamic inhibition of growth experiments was performed by measuring the colony-forming unit/mL (CFU/mL) of the strain. Maximum uptake into the cells was observed in the presence of 64 mu g/mL concentration for each compound except for ZnPc. Compounds did not show dark toxicity/inhibitory effects at sub-MIC concentrations on C. albicans when compared to the negative control groups. Zn(II)Pc, ZnPc, and ZnPc-TiO2 showed fungicidal effect after irradiation with the light dose of 90 J/cm(2) in the presence of the compounds. In addition to the fungicidal effects, SubPc, SubPc-TiO2, Es-SiPc, and Es-SubPc compounds were also found to have inhibitory effects on the growth of yeast cells after irradiation.
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    Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus using zinc phthalocyanine and zinc phthalocyanine integrated TiO2 nanoparticles
    (World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2019) Tuncel, Ayca; Ozturk, Ismail; Ince, Mine; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Hosgor-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
    Antibiotic resistance is an increasing healthcare problem worldwide. In the present study, the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) of ZnPc and ZnPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (ZnPc-TiO2) were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus. A light emitting diode (LED) (630-700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm(2)) was used on S. aureus at different light doses (8 J/cm(2) for 11 min, 16 J/cm(2) for 22 min, 24 J/cm(2) for 33 min) in the presence of the compounds under the minimum inhibitory concentration values. Both compounds showed similar phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16 and 24 J/cm(2)) were applied. In addition, the success of APDT increased with an increasing light dose.
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    Development of antimicrobial nanocomposite scaffolds via loading CZTSe quantum dots for wound dressing applications
    (Iop Publishing Ltd, 2022) Ceylan, Seda; Sert, Buse; Yurt, Fatma; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozturk, Ismail; Demir, Didem; Ocakoglu, Kasim
    The antimicrobial properties of scaffolds designed for use in wound healing are accepted as an important factor in the healing process to accelerate the wound healing process without causing inflammation. For this purpose, chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes loaded with Cu2ZnSnSe4 quantum dots (CZTSe QDs) as an antibacterial and cytocompatible biomaterial to regulate the wound healing process were produced. CZTSe QDs particles were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Polymer-based nanocomposites with different concentrations of the synthesized nanoparticles were produced by the solvent casting method. After detailed physicochemical and morphological characterizations of CZTSe QDs and composite membranes, antibacterial activities and cell viability were extensively investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and yeast strains, and L929 mouse fibroblast cells lines, respectively. The results show that the preparation of composite scaffolds at a QDs concentration of 3.3% by weight has the best antimicrobial activity. Composite scaffold membranes, which can be obtained as a result of an easy production process, are thought to have great potential applications in tissue engineering as wound dressing material due to their high mechanical properties, wettability, strong antibacterial properties and non-toxicity.
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    Enhanced bacterial uptake of 131I-labeled antimicrobial imidazolium bromide salts using fluorescent carbon nanodots
    (Elsevier, 2021) Duman, Ali Niyazi; Colak, Suleyman Gokhan; Alas, Melis Ozge; Er, Ozge; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozturk, Ismail; Yurt, Fatma
    Imidazolium bromide salts have been shown as potent antibiotic molecules that show structure-based bioactivity related to their cation alkyl side chain length. To enhance the bioavailability of lipophilic alkyl side chains herein, a 1,8-naphthalimide group containing imidazolium bromide salts bearing different lengths of alkyl chains (NIM1, 2, and 3) are coupled with fluorescent carbon dots (C-NIMs) through electrostatic and pi-pi interactions. Further, obtained nanocarriers were radio-labeled with iodine-131 (I-131) to track the bacterial uptake of them by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activities were also investigated by the microdilution method. Comparison studies showed that both radiolabeling efficiency and lipophilicity increased when NIMs were integrated onto the CDots. More importantly, CDots resulted in 4-fold enhanced uptake of NIM1 by S. aureus bacterium as compared to pristine imidazolium bromide salts while at a higher number of alkyl chain lengths enhancement was 2-fold.
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    Imaging and detection of cell apoptosis by In vitro photodynamic therapy applications of zinc (II) phthalocyanine on human melanoma cancer
    (Elsevier, 2021) Zeinali, Sevda; Tuncel, Ayca; Yuzer, Abdulcelil; Yurt, Fatma
    This study aims to investigate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects on MeWo (human melanoma cells) and HaCaT (normal human keratinocyte cells) by light stimulation of different concentrations of Zinc (II)-tetra-tertbutyl-phthalocyaninato (ZnPc). MTT viability assay data indicated that a 25 mu M concentration of ZnPc is cytotoxic to the melanoma cancer cells while this concentration of ZnPc is not cytotoxic for the HaCaT cell line. Moreover, the results showed that photoactivated ZnPc at 12.5 mu M concentration reduced the cell viability of the MeWo cell line to about 50 %. At this photosensitizing concentration, the efficacy of light doses of 20, 30, 40, and 50 J/cm(2) was evaluated against MeWo and HaCaT cells. ZnPc at a concentration of 12.5 mu M activated with a light dose of 50 J/cm(2) was the most efficient for the killing of MeWo cells. In conclusion, the 12.5 mu M of ZnPc with the treatment light dose of 50 J/cm(2) from a RED light source was adequate to destroy MeWo cells by the ROS-induced apoptosis mechanism. It also exhibited low killing effects on healthy HaCaT cells. These findings are supported by the results of apoptosis with the Annexin V & Dead Cell Kit and fluorescence imaging.
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    Nuclear imaging potential and in vitro photodynamic activity of Boron subphthalocyanine on colon carcinoma cells
    (Elsevier, 2020) Yurt, Fatma; Arslan, Tayfun; Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozel, Derya; Ocakoglu, Kasim
    Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been a promising clinical agent in various types of cancer in recent years. In this study, in vitro nuclear imaging and PDT potential of Es-SubPc (Boron subphthalocyanine) were evaluated in colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) and human healthy lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38). For this purpose, the Es-SubPc was labeled with I-131 using the iodogen method under the optimum conditions resulting in labeled with high yield (98.9 +/- 1.2%). In addition, the uptake rate of I-131-Es-SubPc was determined in HT-29 and WI-38 cell lines. In comparison to the healthy cell line, the uptake of 131I-Es-SubPc was found to be 2-fold higher in the HT-29 cell line. For PDT studies, both cells were exposed to white light at 30-90 J/cm(2) in the presence of Es-SubPc. The results showed that Es-SubPc was a good PDT agent likely to be used in HT-29 cell line. As a result, Es-SubPc can be promising nuclear imaging and PDT agent for colon carcinoma.
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    Photothermal and photodynamic responses of core-shell Mo2C@C@Fucoidan nanospheres
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2025) Tuncel, Ayca; Sert, Buse; Ozel, Derya; Kaya, Gul; Harputlu, Ersan; Unlu, Cumhur Gokhan; Ocakoglu, Kasim
    Mo2C structure, a transition metal carbide, is known for its exceptional properties including high chemical and thermal stability and surface activity. Recently, carbon-modified Mo2C structures have found widespread applications due to their effectiveness. Here, we synthesized pomegranate-like Mo2C@C nanospheres and coated them with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and fucoidan structures. Characterization techniques including FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, and zeta potential analysis were employed. We investigated the effect of Mo2C@C@Fuc nanospheres by quantitatively evaluating their photothermal conversion efficiency. Under irradiation at wavelengths of 808 nm and 1064 nm with a power intensity of 2 W/cm2, these nanospheres could convert up to 15 % of the incident laser energy into heat, outperforming conventional materials. Stability tests in various physiological pH environments confirmed their durability under NIR irradiation, ensuring operational integrity in biological environments. In addition, they showed significant efficiency in the production of singlet oxygen, making them promising agents for PDT. Biodegradation studies indicated safe degradation after ther- apeutic application, highlighting their environmental and physiological compatibility. Integrating Mo2C@C@- Fuc nanospheres into anticancer strategies combines the advantages of PTT and PDT, promising improved therapeutic outcomes with high biocompatibility.
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    Radiolabeling, In Vitro Cell Uptake, and In Vivo Photodynamic Therapy Potential of Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Containing Zinc Phthalocyanine
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2020) Er, Ozge; Tuncel, Ayca; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Ince, Mine; Kolatan, Efsun Hatice; Yilmaz, Osman; Aktas, Safiye
    Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapy based on the photodynamic effect. In this study, we sought to determine intracellular uptake and in vivo photodynamic therapy potential of Zn phthalocyanine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPS) against pancreatic cancer cells. MSNPS were labeled with I-131; the radiolabeling efficiency was found to 95.5 +/- 1.2% in pH 9 and 60 min reaction time. Besides, the highest intracellular uptake yields of I-131-MSNPS nanoparticles in MIA PaCa-2, AsPC-1, and PANC-1 cells were determined as 43.9 +/- 3.8%, 41.8 +/- 0.2%, and 37.9 +/- 1.3%, respectively, at 24 h incubation time. In vivo PDT studies were performed with subcutaneous xenograft cancer model nude mice with AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. For photodynamic therapy, 685 nm red laser light 100 J/cm(2) light dose using and 5-20 mu M ZnPc containing MSNPS concentrations were applied. Histopathological studies revealed that the ratio of necrosis in tumor tissue was higher in the treatment group than the control groups.
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    Synthesis and antimicrobial photodynamic activities of axially {4-[(1E)-3-oxo-3-(2-thienyl)prop-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy} groups substituted silicon phthalocyanine, subphthalocyanine on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya; Ozturk, Ismail; Arslan, Tayfun; Tuncel, Ayca; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Hosgor-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
    Today, the problem of antimicrobial resistance is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are important for controlling infectious diseases. In the basic principle of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), when harmless light at the appropriate wavelength absorbed by the photosensitizer, undergoes a transition from a ground state to a triplet state. The triplet state photosensitizer can interact with enzym and substrate molecules to produce free radicals and radical ions, or with molecular oxygen resulting in the generation of singlet oxygen which leads to cell cytotoxicity of the microorganism. For this purpose, axially {4-[(1E)-3-oxo-3-(2-thienyl) prop-1-en-1-yl] phenoxy} group substituted silicon phthalocyanine (Es-SiPc) and subphthalocyanine (Es-SubPc) were synthesized by reaction of SiPcCl2, SubPcCl with (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-thienyl)prop-2-en-1-one in the presence of NaH in toluene. The new Es-SiPc and Es-SubPc were characterized by standard spectroscopy methods. The effects of aPDT in the presence of phthalocyanines were investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) strains. Also, singlet oxygen generation of Es-SiPc and Es-SubPc were investigated. Our results suggest that the aPDT in the presence of newly synthesized Es-SiPc and Es-SubPc has promising antibacterial effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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    Synthesis of axially disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines and investigation of their in vitro cytotoxic/phototoxic anticancer activities
    (World Sci Publ Co Inc, 2021) Yurt, Fatma; Saka, Ece Tugba; Biyiklioglu, Zekeriya; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozel, Derya; Ocakoglu, Kasim
    In this study, two SiPcs have been selected and the photodynamic therapy potentials were evaluated of the Pcs. Synthesis of Axially 2-decyn-1-oxy disubstituted Es-SiPc-2 was newly synthesized by the reaction of SiPcCl2 with 2-decyn-1-ol in the presence of NaH in toluene. Furthermore, their nuclear imaging potentials were evaluated in human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human lung fibroblast cell (WI-38) cell lines. The uptake results have indicated that Es-SiPc labeled with I-131 radionuclide (I-131-Es-SiPc) was approximately 2-fold higher in the HT-29 cell line than the WI-38 cell line. In other words, the target/non-target tissue ratio is defined as two in the HT-29/WI-38 cell lines. Besides, the uptake values of I-131-Es-SiPc were found to be higher than I-131-Es-SiPc-2. I-131-Es-SiPc and I-131-Es-SiPc-2 are promising for imaging or treating colon adenocarcinoma. In vitrophotodynamic therapy (PDT) studies have shown that both compounds are suitable and can be used in this field. Also, Es-SiPc has been shown to have higher phototoxicity than Es-SiPc-2.
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    Synthesis of new water-soluble ionic liquids and their antibacterial profile against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Duman, Ali Niyazi; Ozturk, Ismail; Tuncel, Ayca; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Colak, Suleyman Gokhan; Hosgor-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
    A series of imidazolium bromide salts (NIM-Br 1a, 1b and 1c) bearing different lengths of alkyl chains were synthesized and theirin vitro antibacterial activities were determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. In addition, these imidazolium derivatives were also evaluated against biofilm produced by these bacterial strains. All compounds were found to be effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also more effective on the S. aureus biofilm production than the others.
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    Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the photochemical properties and photothermal conversion capacities of Mo2CTx-MXene@Fuc nanohybrids
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2025) Yurt, Fatma; Tuncel, Ayca; Kaya, Gul; Sert, Buse; Ozel, Derya; Harputlu, Ersan; Unlu, Cumhur Gokhan
    Studies on synthesizing MXene hybrid materials continue in medicine, biomedicine, the environment, electronics, and many other fields. MXenes are very remarkable materials for diagnosis, treatment, and theranostic applications in oncology with their hydrophilic structure, large surface area, and biocompatibility. In this study, MAX phase and Mo2CTx MXene syntheses were first carried out and characterized by XRD and HR-TEM. Then, PAH and fucoidan were coated on the MXene surface, respectively, and characterized by FE-SEM, XPS, and Zeta potential methods. Experiments on Mo2CTx-MXene@Fuc nanohybrids have identified their photothermal conversion capacity and photostability, which are crucial for photothermal therapy applications. After calibration of laser devices at 808 and 1064 nm, the nanohybrids' response to laser exposure was monitored, with temperature changes recorded via a thermal camera. Additionally, the photothermal conversion capacity was deduced from heating and cooling durations, while singlet oxygen production efficiency was evaluated using the 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) fluorescent probe. These findings underscore the potential of Mo2CTx-MXene@Fuc nanomaterials in photothermal therapy, particularly their efficiency in converting NIR radiation into therapeutic heat.
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    Unveiling combat strategies against Candida spp. biofilm structures: Demonstration of photodynamic inactivation with innovative phthalocyanine derivatives
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2024) Ozturk, Ismail; Ozel, Derya; Dogan, Sifa; Tuncel, Ayca; Yurt, Fatma; Tekintas, Yamac; Demircioglu, Perihan Kubra
    Antimicrobial resistance is an important problem for infection control and therapy. Microorganisms in biofilm structure are remarkably less susceptible to antimicrobials compared to planktonic cells. Increasing rates of resistance to antimicrobials have led to the development of new antimicrobial strategies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment method that may contribute to the fields of infection control and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of photosensitizers and the anti -biofilm activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains. The anti -biofilm effects of aPDT on the biofilm of Candida albicans were also visualized via SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Our findings showed that aPDT with phthalocyanines inhibited biofilm production levels and reduced the mature biofilm levels of Candida strains. Additionally, SEM results supported that aPDT application successfully eradicated fungal cells and inhibited the biofilm produced by C. albicans . Although more detailed experiments are needed, we suggest that the use of Pcs in aPDT may be beneficial for the treatment of biofilm-related Candida infections.