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    Antidepressant use in Turkey by provinces: panel data analysis
    (Oxford University Press, 2022) Oğuzhan, Gülpembe; Eren, Miraç; Koçkaya, Güvenç; Baskı, Keziban Adam; Şaylan, İsmail Mete; Kurnaz, Mustafa; Ökçün, Selin
    Objectives The objective of this analysis is to show differences in antidepressant use by year and by provinces of Turkey and to understand possible factors that cause these differences. Methods The drug data were obtained from the IMS Health Turkey Medical Index, and the per capita usage was calculated by proportioning with the population. Provinces with combined data were excluded from the study. Sixty provinces with complete data obtained from the IMS Health and Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) were included in the analysis. Physician visits per capita annual data were extracted from the Ministry of Health statistics. Population and per capita gross domestic product data of provinces were obtained from TUIK. A panel data regression model was established in the study. Key findings The model explained 99.25% of the variation in antidepressant consumption unit per person, which is a dependent variable. In our study, it was observed that there was no statistically significant effect of age and income in antidepressant usage. However, per capita physician consultation and the total population have a significant effect on per capita antidepressant use. Therefore, when the other variables are kept constant and the total population increases by 1%, the coefficient of antidepressant use per capita increases by 0.62%. Conclusions According to our analysis, in the majority of the provinces, antidepressant use exceeded the expected level. If the population density of Turkey increases, the ratio of antidepressant usage in the total consumption of drugs may grow. It is necessary to investigate whether there is overuse and to determine underlying causes and preventive measures. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved.
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    Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures of Turkish households living with rare diseases
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Kockaya, Guvenc; Oguzhan, Gulpembe; Okcun, Selin; Kurnaz, Mustafa
    IntroductionThis study aims to determine the out-of-pocket health expenditures of households in Turkey where individuals with rare diseases are residing. MethodsThe research population consisted registered members of associations who are members of the Rare Diseases Network. In addition to the general analysis including all participants, expenditures based on characteristics of disease holders were also calculated. ResultsA total of 439 participants were included in the analysis. We determined that special nutrition was the highest expenditure group and emergency departments were the lowest expenditure group. When all the participants were evaluated, the average cost of rare diseases was found to be L22,743 (euro2,877). A significant relationship was found between income status and out-of-pocket health expenditures (p = 0.012). DiscussionPolicy makers should consider inclusion of special nutritional products and medical/non-medical devices used in treatment of rare diseases within the scope of reimbursement and the development of orphan drug legislation as the first actions to be taken.