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Öğe A brief review on 3D printing of chocolate(Wiley, 2023) Athira, V. A.; Udayarajan, Chinthu T.; Goksen, Gulden; Brennan, Charles Stephen; Nisha, P.The use of 3D printing (3DP) for food applications is gaining attention both as a research topic, and for industrial applications. Chocolate is one of the most common food commodities used for 3DP, owing to its melt extrusion capability and popularity in the high-end food industry. However, chocolate remains a difficult substrate to work with, due to its complex composition as well as rheological properties. The quality of cocoa beans and the processing conditions of chocolate manufacture influence the quality of 3DP. This review briefly covers areas such as processing of chocolate, types of 3D printing of chocolate, rheology of chocolate inks, textural attributes and sensory evaluation of the 3D chocolate products.Öğe A comparative study on utilization of different plant-derived nano-mucilage as a fat replacer in yogurt: Product optimization, physicochemical attributes, shelf-life evaluation, and consumer perception with market orientation(Elsevier, 2024) Tosif, Mansuri M.; Bains, Aarti; Goksen, Gulden; Rehman, Mohd Ziaur; Ali, Nemat; Karabulut, Gulsah; Chawla, PrinceThis study aimed to utilize different plant-derived mucilage as a fat substitute in yogurt production. Colocasia esculenta rhizome mucilage (CEM), Cordia dichotoma fruit mucilage (CDM), and Psyllium husk mucilage (PHM) were extracted using different extraction process, and spray dried to acquire nano-scaled mucilage particles (100-300 nm). Seven different types of yogurts were prepared with the addition of varied mucilage concentrations (1-10 % w/v). Results showed that the yogurt with 4.5% PHM exhibited suitable viscosity, higher water holding capacity, and reduced syneresis over the 16 days of storage. Furthermore, selected yogurt sample revealed similar physicochemical, textural, and color attributes as compared to control (full-fat and skimmedmilk yogurt). Moreover, this study showed that consumers highly accepted mucilage-formulated yogurt, with a mean score of 97.16 +/- 1.58 %. Overall, nano-mucilage holds potential as a sustainable biomaterial for producing low-fat yogurt.Öğe A comprehensive review of recent development in extraction and encapsulation techniques of betalains(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Zannou, Oscar; Oussou, Kouame F.; Chabi, Ifagbemi B.; Odouaro, Oscar B. O.; Deli, Mahn G. E. P.; Goksen, Gulden; Vahid, Aissi M.Betalains are attractive natural pigments with potent antioxidant activity, mainly extracted from the roots, tubers, leaves, flowers, and fruits of certain plants and some fungi. They constitute a reliable alternative to synthetic dyes used in the food industry and are considered toxic for consumers. In addition, there is convincing evidence of their health benefits for consumers. However, betalains are highly unstable to environment factors, such as light, heat, oxygen, water activity, and pH change which can be degraded during food processing, handling, storage, or delivery. Therefore, newly developed extraction methods and micro/nano-encapsulation techniques are currently applied to enhance the extraction yield, solve their instability problems, and improve their application in the food industry. This article aims to summarize the new advanced extraction methods of betalains, discussing the recent encapsulation techniques concerning the different encapsulating materials utilization. Betalains, natural pigments with potent antioxidant activity, are increasingly extracted from the roots, tubers, leaves, flowers, and fruits of certain plants and some fungi as safe alternatives to synthetic food dyes used in the food industry. However, their susceptibility to degradation during food processing, storage, and delivery poses challenges. Recent developments in extraction methods (e.g., supercritical fluid, pressurized liquid, ultrasound- and microwave-assisted, and enzyme-assisted) enhance betalain recovery, minimizing degradation. Encapsulation techniques using biopolymers, proteins, lipids, and nanoparticles protect betalains from environmental factors, extending shelf life and enabling controlled release. These advancements offer improved extraction efficiency, reduced solvent use, shorter processing times, and enhanced stability. Integration of these techniques in the food industry presents opportunities for incorporating betalains into various products, including functional foods, beverages, and dietary supplements. By addressing stability challenges, these developments support the production of innovative, healthier food items enriched with betalains. This article provides an overview of recent advancements in betalain extraction and encapsulation, highlighting their potential applications in the food industry.Öğe A comprehensive review of the bioactive components of sesame seeds and their impact on bone health issues in postmenopausal women(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2023) Arooj, Ammara; Rabail, Roshina; Naeem, Muhammad; Goksen, Gulden; Xu, Baojun; Aadil, Rana MuhammadSesame seeds perform many therapeutic functions against several health issues especially those related to bones because they possess a rich content of calcium, vitamins, proteins, oil, and carbohydrates. Using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, we performed a comprehensive search of the literature from 2013 to date on reports related to sesame seeds and their bioactive ingredients. Sesamin, sesamol, sesamolin, and sesamol are the major bioactive lignans found in sesame seeds. Our comprehensive review of the literature revealed the protective role of sesame seeds towards bone health in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It was observed that sesame seeds have a positive impact on postmenopausal women experiencing bone-related problems, i.e. osteoporosis and arthritis. Therefore, this review is focused on exploring the effect of sesame seeds on bone mineralization in women experiencing menopause. Furthermore, to aid balancing the hormones in women after their disturbance by the postmenopausal phase, we highlight the effect of the daily intake of sesame seeds in women. Finally, we conclude that the supplementation of sesame seeds in a regular diet shows a positive impact on the bone health of post-menopausal osteoporosis.Öğe A comprehensive review on nutritional interventions and nutritive elements: Strengthening immunity for effective defense mechanism during pandemic(Wiley, 2024) Prasad, Sonal; Pandey, Vinay Kumar; Singh, Kunal; Shams, Rafeeya; Singh, Rahul; Goksen, GuldenThe pandemic has brought attention to the importance of a healthy immune system in preventing infectious diseases. In this in-depth review, the process by which nutritional interventions and fundamental nutrients affect immune function has been discussed with the goal of enhancing the body's natural defenses against viral infections. We explored the complex interplay between diet and immunology, highlighting the essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive substances that are crucial for enhancing immune response. We also investigated the effect of dietary patterns and supplementation methods on immune function. We assessed the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of action of various nutritional therapies in modifying immune responses through a thorough examination of scientific literature. Additionally, we go through the significance of individualized nutrition and highlight possible factors to consider for vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and people with chronic conditions. This review attempts to provide a thorough understanding of the role of diet in boosting immunity by synthesizing available research. It also offers insights into practical methods for enhancing the immune function during the current epidemic and in the future. The phase of pandemic has brought attention to how important a healthy immune system is in preventing infectious diseases. In this in-depth review, the process that how nutritional interventions and fundamental nutrients affect immune function has been mentioned with the goal of enhancing the body's natural defenses against viral infections.imageÖğe A critical review on protein-based smart packaging systems: Understanding the development, characteristics, innovations, and potential applications(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Echegaray, Noemi; Goksen, Gulden; Kumar, Manoj; Sharma, Rajan; Hassoun, Abdo; Lorenzo, Jose M.; Dar, B. N.The use of packaging in the food industry is essential to protect food and improve its shelf life. However, traditional packaging, based on petroleum derivatives, presents some problems because it is non-biodegradable and is obtained from nonrenewable sources. In contrast, protein-based smart packaging is presented as an environmentally friendly strategy that also permits obtaining packaging with excellent characteristics for the formation of smart films and coatings. This review aims to summarize recent developments in smart packaging, focusing on edible films/coatings materials, originating from animal and plant protein sources. Various characteristics like mechanical, barrier, functional, sensory, and sustainability of packaging systems are discussed, and the processes used for their development are also described. Moreover, relevant examples of the application of these smart packaging technologies in muscle foods and some innovations in this area are presented. Protein-based films and coatings from plant and animal origins have great potential to enhance food safety and quality, and reduce environmental issues (e.g., plastic pollution and food waste). Some characteristics of the packages can be improved by incorporating polysaccharides, lipids, and other components as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and nanoparticles in protein-based composites. Promising results have been shown in many muscle foods, such as meat, fish, and other seafood. These innovative smart packaging systems are characterized by their renewable and biodegradable nature, and sustainability, among other features that go beyond typical protection barriers (namely, active, functional, and intelligent features). Nonetheless, the utilization of protein-based responsive films and coatings at industrial level still need optimization to be technologically and economically valid and viable.Öğe A glimpse into plant-based fermented products alternative to animal based products: Formulation, processing, health benefits(Elsevier, 2023) Goksen, Gulden; Altaf, Qazi Sugra; Farooq, Salma; Bashir, Iqra; Capozzi, Vittorio; Guruk, Mumine; Bavaro, Simona LuciaFermented foods and beverages are increasingly being included in the diets of people around the world, as they significantly contribute to flavor and interest in nutrition and food consumption. Plant sources, like cereals and pulses, are employed to produce vegan fermented foods that are either commercially available or the subject of ongoing scientific investigation. In addition, the inclination towards nutritionally healthy, natural, and cleanlabel products amongst consumers has encouraged the development of vegan fermented products alternative to animal-based products for industrial-scale production. However, as the vegan diet is more restrictive than the vegetarian diet, manufacturing food products for vegans presents a significant problem due to the limited availability of many raw materials. So further research is required on this topic. This paper aims to review the formulation, quality, microbial resources, health benefits, and safety of foods that can be categorised as vegan fermented foods and beverages.Öğe A review of starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend film: A potential replacement for traditional plastic-based food packaging film(Elsevier, 2024) Deng, Hao; Su, Jiaqi; Zhang, Wanli; Khan, Ajahar; Sani, Mahmood Alizadeh; Goksen, Gulden; Kashyap, PiyushIn recent years, the development of environmentally friendly packaging materials using biodegradable polymers has emerged as a key challenge for scientists and consumers in response to resource depletion and environmental issues caused by plastic packaging materials. Starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are being recognized as excellent candidates for producing biodegradable food packaging films. Polymer blending has emerged as a practical approach to overcome the limitations of biopolymer films by developing films with unique properties and enhancing overall performance. This review briefly introduces the molecular structure and properties of starch and PVA, summarizes the common preparation methods and properties of starch/PVA blend films, and focuses on different strategies used to enhance starch/PVA blend films, including nanoparticles, plant extracts, and cross-linking agents. Additionally, this study summarizes the application of starch/PVA blend films as active and smart packaging in food preservation systems. This study demonstrates that starch and PVA blends have potential in manufacturing biodegradable food films with excellent properties due to their excellent compatibility and intermolecular interactions, and can be used as packaging films for a variety of foods to extend their shelf life.Öğe Advances in sustainable food packaging applications of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol blend films(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Zhang, Wanli; Khan, Ajahar; Ezati, Parya; Priyadarshi, Ruchir; Sani, Mahmood Alizadeh; Rathod, Nikheel Bhojraj; Goksen, GuldenResearchers are addressing environmental concerns related to petroleum -based plastic packaging by exploring biopolymers from natural sources, chemical synthesis, and microbial fermentation. Despite the potential of individual biopolymers, they often exhibit limitations like low water resistance and poor mechanical properties. Blending polymers emerges as a promising strategy to overcome these challenges, creating films with enhanced performance. This review focuses on recent advancements in chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend food packaging films. It covers molecular structure, properties, strategies for performance improvement, and applications in food preservation. The blend's excellent compatibility and intermolecular interactions make it a promising candidate for biodegradable films. Future research should explore large-scale thermoplastic technologies and investigate the incorporation of additives like natural extracts and nanoparticles to enhance film properties. Chitosan/PVA blend films offer a sustainable alternative to petroleum -based plastic packaging, with potential applications in practical food preservation.Öğe Advancing antimicrobial efficacy of Cucumis momordica seeds: Nanoemulsion application in Eurotium cristatum-mediated solid-state fermentation(Elsevier, 2024) Sharma, Madhu; Goksen, Gulden; Ali, Nemat; Janghu, Sandeep; Parvez, Mohammad Khalid; Al-Dosari, Mohammed S.; Bhaswant, MaharshiThis study explores the enhancement of Cucumis momordica seed powder's properties through Eurotium cristatummediated solid-state fermentation (SSF) and its application in nanoemulsions, emphasizing protein content, functional properties, stability, and antimicrobial activity. The protein content increased significantly from 23.28 +0.23 % in the control to 29.83+0.12 % after 144 h of fermentation. The Cucumis momordica seed powder fermented for 96 h was further analyzed for its functional properties and characterization. The water absorption capacity was increased from 0.91 to 2.56 g/g, and oil absorption capacity from 0.79 to 1.16 g/g. SEM and FTIR analyses revealed morphological changes and chemical profile alterations, indicating enzymatic degradation and enhanced functional properties. Nanoemulsions from fermented powder showed reduced droplet sizes (148 +0.34 nm to 126+0.37 nm) and more negative zeta potentials (-24.5+0.12 mV to -25.79+0.18 mV), suggesting improved stability. Temperature stability was superior in fermented seed powder nanoemulsions, demonstrating enhanced thermal resistance. Antimicrobial tests against E. coli and S. aureus showed significantly lower MIC and MBC values for fermented powder nanoemulsions (E. coli MIC: 1.089 mg/mL, MBC: 2.189 mg/mL; S. aureus MIC: 0.459 mg/mL, MBC: 1.196 mg/mL), indicating increased antimicrobial efficacy. These results highlight the potential of SSF and nanoemulsion technology in advancing the functionality and application of Cucumis Momordica seeds as natural antimicrobial agents.Öğe Agar-based packaging films produced by melt mixing: Study of their retrogradation upon storage br(Elsevier, 2022) Cebrian-Lloret, Vera; Goksen, Gulden; Martinez-Abad, Antonio; Lopez-Rubio, Amparo; Martinez-Sanz, MartaThe ability of agar with different purification degrees to produce packaging films has been evaluated and the stability of the obtained materials after prolonged storage has been investigated. The less purified agar resulted in films with higher water vapor permeability and lower mechanical performance than pure commercial agar. However, the commercial agar film required the addition of a plasticizer to produce films that could be manipulated. It has also been observed that prolonged storage at 53 % RH results in a change in the semi- crystalline structure of the agar and in water-polysaccharide interactions. As a result, pure agar films undergo a rigidizing effect resulting in unmanageable films after 7 days of storage. The presence of glycerol improved the stability of the films by limiting the structural changes up to 14 days of storage. In contrast, the films from the least purified agar extract, seemed to be less affected by moisture, showing a higher stability during storage. This points to the potential of the less purified extract to be used as an additive to reduce costs and improve the storage stability of pure agar films.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of Oliveria decumbens vent. Essential oil and Ferula asa-foetida extract on Turkey breast meat(Springer, 2024) Sajadizadeh, Hosna; Zamindar, Nafiseh; Esmaeili, Yasaman; Lorenzo, Jose M.; Pateiro, Mirian; Goksen, Gulden; Paidari, SaeedGlobal poultry consumption continues growing. Marinating tenderizes foods and adds flavors before cooking. In this study, marinades containing Oliveria decumbens Vent. essential oil (EO) and Ferula assa-foetida extract were formulated to investigate their antimicrobial activity in turkey breast meat during storage. The marinade solution comprised water, lactic acid (0.5%), and NaCl (3%). The treatment consisted of immersing the meat for 2 h at 4 C-degrees in the marinade solution. The antimicrobial activity tests exhibited that the growth of Escherichia coli (0 log CFU/g), yeasts and molds (3.39 log CFU/g), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (3.05 log CFU/g), and total aerobic psychrotrophs (5.23 log CFU/g) were inhibited by immersion of turkey breast meat in the marinade containing 900 ppm Oliveria decumbens Vent. EO. Sensory analysis of turkey breast meat showed immersion in the marinade containing 900 ppm Oliveria decumbens Vent. EO or 1400 ppm of Ferula assa-foetida extract produced an acceptable odor after cooking.Öğe Application of a Chitosan-Cinnamon Essential Oil Composite Coating in Inhibiting Postharvest Apple Diseases(Mdpi, 2023) Zhang, Wanli; Goksen, Gulden; Zhou, Yuanping; Yang, Jun; Khan, Mohammad Rizwan; Ahmad, Naushad; Fei, TaoThe purpose of this study was to explore the film-forming properties of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and chitosan (CS) and the effect of their composite coating on postharvest apple diseases. The results demonstrated that the composite coating exhibits favorable film-forming properties at CEO concentrations below 4% (v/v). The effectiveness of the composite coating in disease control can be attributed to two factors: the direct inhibitory activity of CEO against pathogens in vitro and the induced resistance triggered by CS on the fruits. Importantly, the incorporation of CEO did not interfere with the induction of resistance by CS in harvested apples. However, it is noteworthy that the inhibitory effect of the CS-CEO composite coating on apple diseases diminished over time. Therefore, a key aspect of enhancing the preservation ability of fruits is improving the controlled release properties of CEO within CS coatings. This will enable a sustained and prolonged antimicrobial effect, thereby bolstering the fruit preservation capabilities of the composite coatings.Öğe Application of mucilage-based functional and clean-label food ingredients as vegan fat replacers in different food products(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Tosif, Mansuri M.; Bains, Aarti; Goksen, Gulden; Kaushik, Ravinder; Chawla, PrinceThe increasing demand for vegan and clean-label food products has prompted the exploration of natural and sustainable ingredients to replace animal-based fats. Mucilage, a hydrocolloid derived from various plant sources, has emerged as a promising alternative due to its unique physicochemical properties, including high water holding capacity, emulsification, and gelation abilities. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of mucilage-based functional ingredients as vegan fat replacers in diverse food applications. The extraction, characterization, and functionalization of botanical mucilage show that it can mirror the sensory and textural properties of conventional fats. It also examines the impact of mucilage incorporation on the nutritional profile, consumer acceptance, quality, and regulatory considerations, including bakery, dairy, and meat products. Ultimately, mucilage-based fat replacers could provide a viable solution for reducing fat content in high fat containing food products; however, further research is needed to optimize its functionality and explore its bioavailability in the human body.Öğe Application of seed mucilage as functional biopolymer in meat product processing and preservation(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Gao, Xueqin; Sharma, Madhu; Bains, Aarti; Chawla, Prince; Goksen, Gulden; Zou, Jian; Zhang, WanliMeat products consumption is rising globally, but concerns about sustainability, fat content, and shelf life. Synthetic additives and preservatives used for extending the shelf life of meat often carry health and environmental drawbacks. Seed mucilage, natural polysaccharides, possesses unique functional properties like water holding, emulsifying, and film forming, offering potential alternatives in meat processing and preservation. This study explores the application of seed mucilage from diverse sources (e.g., flaxseed, psyllium, basil) in various meat and meat products processing and preservation. Mucilage's water-holding and emulsifying properties can potentially bind fat and decrease the overall lipid content in meat and meat-based products. Moreover, antimicrobial and film-forming properties of mucilage can potentially inhibit microbial growth and reduce oxidation, extending the shelf life. This review emphasizes the advantages of incorporating mucilage into processing and coating strategies for meat and seafood products.Öğe Application of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Mucilage as a Promising Antimicrobial Agent to Extend the Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Brinjals (Eggplants)(Mdpi, 2023) Tosif, Mansuri M.; Bains, Aarti; Goksen, Gulden; Ali, Nemat; Rusu, Alexandru Vasile; Trif, Monica; Chawla, PrinceTaro rhizomes are a rich source of polysaccharides, including starch and mucilage. However, mucilage has excellent anti-microbial efficacy, and unique gel-forming and techno-functional properties. Therefore, this study aimed to extract and utilize taro mucilage (TM), which is viscous and has a gel-like texture, for the shelf-life enhancement of fresh-cut brinjals (eggplants). Mucilage was extracted using hot-water extraction and the yield was calculated to be 6.25 +/- 0.87% on a dry basis. Different formulations of coating gel solutions were prepared: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7%. The selection of the coating gel solution was carried out based on particle size. The smallest particle size was observed in treatment T5 (154 +/- 0.81 nm) and zeta potential -27.22 +/- 0.75 mV. Furthermore, cut brinjals were coated with the prepared mucilage gel solution and this showed a significant effect on the overall physicochemical properties of cut brinjals. Maximum weight loss occurred on the 10th day (12.67 +/- 0.24%), as compared with coated brinjals (8.99 +/- 0.42%). Minor changes were observed in pH, for the control sample significantly decreased from 4.58 +/- 0.45 to 2.99 +/- 0.75 on the 0th day to the 10th day, respectively. Titrable acidity of coated and uncoated cut brinjals was found to be at 0.31 +/- 0.44% on the 0th day, which increased up to 0.66 +/- 0.20% for the control and 0.55 +/- 0.68% for coated brinjals on the 10th day. The taro mucilage coating gel (TMCG) solution showed pseudo-plastic behavior or shear-thinning fluid behavior. FTIR data confirmed the existence of several functional groups including various sugars, proteins, and hydroxylic groups. Antioxidant activity of coated and uncoated cut brinjals was found to be 22.33 +/- 0.37% and 22.15 +/- 0.49%, respectively. The TMCG solution showed effective results towards the various food pathogenic microorganisms. Overall, it is a natural, renewable resource that is biodegradable. This makes it an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic additives or thickeners. It is cost effective, easily available, eco-friendly, and non-toxic. This can be an attractive feature for consumers looking for sustainable and eco-friendly options.Öğe Application of tragacanth gum as a potential food packaging film and its performance enhancement strategy(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Ma, Ke; Yang, Jun; Goksen, Gulden; Alamri, Abdulhakeem S.; Alhomrani, Majid; Xia, Guanghua; Zhang, WanliCurrently, the widespread use of petroleum-based plastic food packaging materials and their non-degradable nature have significantly contributed to environmental issues. As a result, biopolymer-based food packaging materials are emerging as promising sustainable alternatives. Among the many biopolymers, tragacanth gum (TG) is being explored for the production of biodegradable food packaging films. As a hydrophilic colloidal polysaccharide, TG-based food packaging films possess renewable and edible properties, making them suitable for preparing food packaging films and edible coatings. This work briefly reviews the chemical properties and recent progress in the industrial applications of tragacanth gum. The research progress on different composite films based on tragacanth gum, including polymer blending, plant extract functionalization, and nanomaterial functionalization, is highlighted. Finally, the practical applications of tragacanth gum-based composite films and edible coatings in food preservation are summarized.Öğe Arabinogalactans-rich microwave-assisted nanomucilage originated from garden cress seeds as an egg replacement in the production of cupcakes: Market orientation and in vitro digestibility(Elsevier, 2024) Sharma, Madhu; Bains, Aarti; Goksen, Gulden; Ali, Nemat; Rehman, Mohd Ziaur; Chawla, PrinceThe increasing demand for functional foods arises from concerns regarding food allergies, dietary restrictions, and ethical considerations related to egg consumption. Consequently, this study investigates the feasibility of using arabinogalactan-rich nanomucilage derived from garden cress seeds as an egg replacement in cupcake production. The microwave-assisted process resulted in 23.28 f 0.34 % yield and it demonstrated a nanoscale particle size of 146.3 f 2.67 nm. Smooth surfaces with spherical concavities-shaped particles were observed containing carbohydrate and protein-based functional groups. A market survey involving 250 participants indicated a notable interest in egg-free cupcakes, with 75% of respondents determining a willingness to sample them. Cupcakes containing 15% nanomucilage (C3) exhibited comparable sensory acceptability and similar physicochemical properties, along with significantly improved hardness (751.03 f 1.24 g), resilience (23.98 f 0.56), and chewiness (513.75 f 1.37 g) when compared to egg-based cupcakes. In vitro digestibility exhibited a significant reduction in the area under the curve for reducing sugars in C3 (155.68 mg g- 1) relative to the control (238.83 mg g- 1), suggesting a lower glycemic index. Hence, this study reveals that garden cress seed mucilage could be an effective egg substitute in cupcakes, offering comparable sensory and textural attributes with potentially lower glycemic index.Öğe Bioactive polysaccharides from Aegle marmelos fruit: Recent trends on extraction, bio-techno functionality, and food applications(Wiley, 2024) Sharma, Madhu; Bains, Aarti; Goksen, Gulden; Sridhar, Kandi; Sharma, Minaxi; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi; Chawla, PrincePolysaccharides from non-conventional sources, such as fruits, have gained significant attention recently. Aegle marmelos (Bael), a non-conventional fruit, is an excellent source of biologically active components with potential indigenous therapeutic and food applications. Apart from polyphenolic components, this is an excellent source of mucilaginous polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are one the major components of bael fruit, having a high amount of galactose and glucuronic acid, which contributes to its potential therapeutic properties. Therefore, this review emphasizes the conventional and emerging techniques of polysaccharide extraction from bael fruit. Insight into the attributes of polysaccharide components, their techno-functional properties, characterization of bael fruit polysaccharide, emulsifying properties, binding properties, reduction of hazardous dyes, application of polysaccharides in film formation, application of polysaccharide as a nanocomposite, and biological activities of bael fruit polysaccharides are discussed. This review also systematically overviews the relationship between extraction techniques, structural characteristics, and biological activities. Additionally, recommendations, future perspectives, and new valuable insight towards better utilization of bael fruit polysaccharide have been given importance, which can be promoted in the long term.Öğe Biomass valorization of liquid whey into carbon quantum dots via hydrothermal process for food pathogenic bactericidal activity and photocatalytic degradation of brilliant red dye(Elsevier, 2024) Thakur, Sweezee; Bains, Aarti; Kumar, Anil; Goksen, Gulden; Yaqoob, Mudasir; Parvez, Mohammad Khalid; Al-Dosari, Mohammed S.Whey is the primary waste material of the dairy industries; therefore, the present study focuses on the valorization of milk processing industry-originated liquid whey into valuable products, specifically liquid whey carbon quantum dots (LW-CQDs) for pathogenic bactericidal and photocatalytic dye reduction efficacy. Facile synthesis of fluorescent LW-CQDs was carried out by employing a green hydrothermal approach at 200 degrees C for 12 h. Several analytical techniques were used to confirm the thermally stable spherical particles, measuring 9.04 +/- 0.76 nm size in diameter, primarily composed of carbon and oxygen LW-CQDs. The presence of diverse functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and methyl groups) of LW-CQDs contributed to overall optical properties, which manifested a blue emission peak at 418 nm with 240 nm excitation wavelength in fluorescence spectroscopy. UV-Visible spectra featured two peaks (pi -> pi * transition of C = C bonds and n -> pi * transition of C = O bonds) at around 249 and 293 nm, respectively. Moreover, the synthesized LW-CQDs exhibited a significantly higher zone of inhibition (25.98 +/- 0.17 mm) and significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration (4.47 +/- 0.01 mu l/ml) against the Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, LW-CQDs revealed a higher killing rate of reaction for S. aureus as compared to K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhi and remarkably degraded 92.95 % of brilliant red dye under visible light (2000 lux). Hence, these facile LW-CQDs hold potential for applications in the effectiveness of antimicrobial and photocatalytic dye reduction activity, which show valuable contributions to both waste valorization and sustainable material development.
