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Öğe 3D TiO2 modified with reduced graphene embed into polyvinyl alcohol: photoanode electrode for oxygen evolution reaction(2023) Tezcan, Fatih; Demir, DidemThe photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting using solar energy is one of the promising trend research topics within the scope of green energy production. A photoelectrochemical set up consists of photoelectrode materials that directly uses photon energy convers water to hydrogen and oxygen. The photoelectrodes are photoanode and photocathode materials n-type and p-type semiconductor, respectively. In this study, the 3D TiO2 photoanode surface was modified by coating it with reduced graphene (rG) added polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel. PVA synthetic polymer with thermal stability, mechanical stability and low cost was preferred to provide distribution of rG material on 3D TiO2 active surfaces. In this context, different amounts of rG (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%, based on polymer weight) impregnated with PVA gel coated on the 3D TiO2 semiconductor surface were investigated. The solar light absorption behaviour and molecular interactions of the different amounts of rG in PVA on 3D TiO2 semiconductor were monitored by UV-vis and Raman spectrometer. A photocatalytic performance of photoelectrodes were conducted by Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometric measurement under 100 mW cm-2 solar light. Raman spectrum showed dispersion of RG in PVA. EIS measurement showed that the polarization resistance (Rp) increased in 3D TiO2 with only PVA coating, while the addition of rG to PVA caused a decrease in Rp at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface under sunlight. Furthermore, LSV and chronoamperometric measurement concluded that the increased amount of rG added to PVA increased the photoresponse of 3D TiO2 up to the limit rG value.Öğe A bi-layer electrospun polyurethane/silicone membrane scaffold: drug delivery and cytotoxicity studies(Indian Acad Sciences, 2023) Mohsenzadeh, Elham; Demir, Didem; Ceylan, Seda; Khenoussi, Nabyl; Schacher, Laurence; Adolphe, Dominique; Bolgen, NimetIn this study, a bi-layer scaffold combining polyurethane nanofibrous and silicone membrane layers was produced. Chemical, morphological and physical properties of the scaffolds were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses, respectively. The surface properties were examined with the contact angle test. To evaluate the encapsulation and release behaviour of the scaffolds Rhodamine B and Nile red were used as model drugs. Further, the cytotoxicity and cell proliferation investigations were carried out using mouse embryonic fibroblasts cell lines. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and SEM were used to investigate the cell viability and cell-scaffold interactions, respectively. The results of the study were evaluated in order to develop a bimodal drug release system that has the potential to be used in tissue engineering applications.Öğe A new application of avocado oil to enrich the biological activities of polycaprolactone membranes for tissue engineering(Wiley, 2024) Yurtsever, Merve Capkin; Aydogan, Selin; Iyigundogdu, Zeynep; Comertpay, Alican; Demir, Didem; Ceylan, SedaThe metabolites synthesized by plants to protect themselves serves as natural antimicrobial agents used in biomaterials. In this study, avocado oil (AO), was incorporated as a plant source and natural antimicrobial agent into polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes. The effects of varying AO ratios (25, 50, and 100 wt%.-PCL@25AO, PCL@50AO, PCL@100AO) on PCL membrane morphology, chemical structure, wettability, antimicrobial activity, and cell viabilities were investigated. It was demonstrated that the AO acts as a pore-forming agent in solvent-casted membranes. Young's modulus of the membranes varied between 602.68 and 31.92 MPa and more flexible membranes were obtained with increasing AO content. Inhibition zones of AO were recorded between 7.86 and 13.97 mm against clinically relevant microbial strains including bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Antimicrobial activity of AO was retained in PCL membranes at all ratios. Resazurin assay indicated that PCL@25AO membranes were cytocompatible with mouse fibroblast cells (L929 cell line) on day 6 showing 72.4% cell viability with respect to neat PCL membranes. Viability results were supported by scanning electron microscopy images and DAPI staining. The overall results of this study highlight the potential of PCL@25AO membranes as a biomaterial with antimicrobial properties, cytocompatibility, and mechanical strength suitable for various biomedical applications. imageÖğe Antimicrobial activity enhancement of PVA/chitosan films with the additive of CZTS quantum dots(Springer Link, 2023) Ceylan, Seda; Küçükosman, Rıdvan; Yurt, Fatma; Özel, Derya; Öztürk, İsmail; Demir, Didem; Ocakoğlu, KasımThe wound environment is a breeding ground for pathogens, and traditional wound dressing materials lack antibacterial properties. In this work, we aimed to develop PVA/chitosan (P/C)-based wound dressing scaffolds with anti-infective properties using Cu2ZnSnS4 quantum dots (CZTS QDs) to prevent infections in the wound. CZTS quantum dots were prepared by a simple hydrothermal process and characterized using appropriate techniques such as TEM, XRD, FTIR spectrum, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. CZTS QDs were subsequently loaded at different concentrations onto PVA/chitosan membranes (0, 1.6, 2.5 and 3.3% w/w, based on the total polymer quantity). The chemical structure, contact angle and mechanical properties of the membranes were analyzed, and their antimicrobial activities and cell viability were also investigated. The cytocompatibility of the membranes and cell morphology was investigated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and SEM. Based on studies on the interactions between membranes and cells, it was determined that incorporation of CZTS QDs into the membrane did not cause toxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on loading CZTS QDs into membranes for tissue engineering applications, and the overall findings suggest that CZTS QDs-integrated membranes might have potentially appealing uses as antimicrobial films for wound healing.Öğe Assessment of chitosan:gum tragacanth cryogels for tissue engineering applications(Wiley, 2022) Demir, Didem; Ugurlu, Muge Asik; Ceylan, Seda; Sakim, Burcu; Genc, Rukan; Bolgen, NimetGum tragacanth is one of the most widely used natural gums in food, medicine, cosmetics and personal care products, and its use as polysaccharide-based scaffolds in tissue engineering applications has attracted great attention in recent years. The fabrication of pure gum tragacanth as a scaffold poses many challenges because of the high viscosity, poor mechanical properties and repulsive interaction between the polyanions. To overcome these, facilitate the formation of scaffolds and improve their final properties, chitosan and gum tragacanth were used together as natural, biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharides. The scaffolds based on chitosan and gum tragacanth were successfully fabricated through cryotropic gelation and were characterized using different chemical, morphological, mechanical and biocompatibility analyses. All cryogel scaffolds exhibited a porous structure with an average diameter of 96.56-30.21 mu m, exhibiting high liquid absorption capacity, appropriate mechanical stability and controlled degradation behavior. According to the biocompatibility results, mouse embryonic fibroblast cells adhered well to the scaffolds and achieved high viability. The results are also discussed in the light of their potential usefulness as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications. (c) 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.Öğe Biologically active sodium pentaborate pentahydrate and Hypericum perforatum oil loaded polyvinyl alcohol: chitosan membranes(Elsevier, 2024) Oztas, Necla; Kara, Eray; Demir, Didem; Yetkin, Derya; Ceylan, Seda; Iyiguendogdu, ZeynepIn this study, sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB) and Hypericum perforatum (HP) oil were incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CH) polymer blend to obtain membranes by solution casting method. In order to see the synergistic effects of NaB and HP oil on the biological and physical properties of the membranes NaB and HP oil were incorporated into membrane matrix in different ratios. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that no significant bond formation between the bioactive components and the PVA:CH matrix. According to mechanical test results, Young's Modulus and elongation at break decreased from 426 MPa to 346 MPa and 52.23 % to 15.11 % for neat PVA:CH membranes and NaB and HP oil incorporated PVA:CH (PVA:CH@35NaB:HP) membranes, respectively. Antimicrobial activity tests have shown the membranes were over 99 % effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, underlining their potential for infection control. Cytocompatibility assay performed with Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDFa) cells highlight the biocompatibility of the membranes, revealing 74.84 % cell viability after 72 h. The properties of NaB and HP oil doped PVA:CH based membranes obtained from these experiments reveal the promise of a versatile membrane for applications in wound healing, tissue engineering and other biomedical fields.Öğe Chitosan based injectable cryospheres as a potential biopolymeric carrier for drug delivery systems: Characterization, biocompatibility and drug release(Elsevier, 2024) Demir, Didem; Ceylan, Seda; Bolgen, NimetThree-dimensional scaffolds with the right design to support cell metabolism and the right physico-chemical, mechanical, and biological qualities have become more interesting for tissue engineering because of the complexity and diversity of the tissues involved. Moreover, three-dimensional scaffolds with tuneable drug delivery capabilities have drawn more attention in the field of soft tissue engineering. In this research, chitosanbased microspheres (called cryospheres) were fabricated in spherical shapes micron-sized with highly interconnected porous structures as a result of combining emulsification and cryogelation methods. The characterization of cryospheres was evaluated using morphological, physicochemical, and biological analyses. According to the results of the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility investigation, the microspheres had no toxic effects on cell survival, and they even enhanced cell viability at the implantation site when compared to the control group. After the cryospheres were characterized, research was done on drug loading, drug release, and release processes using two distinct dyes (Nile Red: NR and Rhodamine-B: RB) in simulated body fluids (simulated intestinal, stomach, and tear fluids). The results showed that the maximum drug loading capacities for RB and NR were 89.32 +/- 1.57 % and 61.51 +/- 0.70 %, respectively. This study contributed to the development of minimally invasive biomaterials that have the potential to provide both drug release and tissue formation/regeneration at damaged implantation sites by carrying not only drugs but also active substances such as hormones/growth factors that will trigger new tissue formation.Öğe Composite Cryogels for Drug Delivery Applications: A Preliminary Study with Dye as a Model Drug(2023) Demir, Didem; Ceylan, Seda; Bolgen, NimetCryogels are suitable candidates to be used as drug release systems due to their interconnected pore structures, high surface areas, high liquid absorption capacities, and elasticity. With this purpose, we aimed to produce a cryogel structure to be used in drug release applications with the approach of tissue engineering. As biodegradable and biocompatible polymers chitosan and gelation were selected. The cryogels were fabricated using the combination of these polymers in the presence of glutaraldehyde under cryogenic conditions. The produced optimum gel scaffold was first characterized using FTIR, SEM, porosity, swelling ability, and degradation analyses. Successfully crosslinked gels exhibited an interconnected pore structure with an average pore diameter of 52.95 µm. As a result of the examination of the time-dependent weight change, it was also revealed that the cryogels have a liquid absorption capacity of about 500 times their dry weight and are biodegradable. The mainly characterized cryogel sample was evaluated for potential drug loading and release applications using methyl orange (MO) as a model drug. Gels, which swell in a short time, absorb the dye quickly and the cumulative release of the dye indicates that the gels are suitable for extended-release systems.Öğe Design of gelatin cryogel scaffolds with the ability to release simvastatin for potential bone tissue engineering applications(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2024) Yaman, Suzan Melis; Demir, Didem; Bolgen, NimetTissue engineering aims to improve or restore damaged tissues by using scaffolds, cells and bioactive agents. In tissue engineering, one of the most important concepts is the scaffold because it has a key role in keeping up and promoting the growth of the cells. It is also desirable to be able to load these scaffolds with drugs that induce tissue regeneration/formation. Based on this, in our study, gelatin cryogel scaffolds were developed for potential bone tissue engineering applications and simvastatin loading and release studies were performed. Simvastatin is lipoliphic in nature and this form is called inactive simvastatin (SV). It is modified to be in hydrophilic form and converted to the active form (SVA). For our study's drug loading and release process, simvastatin was used in both inactive and active forms. The blank cryogels and drug-loaded cryogels were prepared at different glutaraldehyde concentrations (1, 2, and 3%). The effect of the crosslinking agent and the amount of drug loaded were discussed with morphological and physicochemical analysis. As the glutaraldehyde concentration increased gradually, the pores size of the cryogels decreased and the swelling ratio decreased. For the release profile of simvastatin in both forms, we can say that it depended on the form (lipophilic and hydrophilic) of the loaded simvastatin.Öğe Development of antimicrobial nanocomposite scaffolds via loading CZTSe quantum dots for wound dressing applications(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2022) Ceylan, Seda; Sert, Buse; Yurt, Fatma; Tuncel, Ayca; Ozturk, Ismail; Demir, Didem; Ocakoglu, KasimThe antimicrobial properties of scaffolds designed for use in wound healing are accepted as an important factor in the healing process to accelerate the wound healing process without causing inflammation. For this purpose, chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes loaded with Cu2ZnSnSe4 quantum dots (CZTSe QDs) as an antibacterial and cytocompatible biomaterial to regulate the wound healing process were produced. CZTSe QDs particles were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Polymer-based nanocomposites with different concentrations of the synthesized nanoparticles were produced by the solvent casting method. After detailed physicochemical and morphological characterizations of CZTSe QDs and composite membranes, antibacterial activities and cell viability were extensively investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and yeast strains, and L929 mouse fibroblast cells lines, respectively. The results show that the preparation of composite scaffolds at a QDs concentration of 3.3% by weight has the best antimicrobial activity. Composite scaffold membranes, which can be obtained as a result of an easy production process, are thought to have great potential applications in tissue engineering as wound dressing material due to their high mechanical properties, wettability, strong antibacterial properties and non-toxicity.Öğe Electrospun Composite Nanofibers Based on Poly (epsilon-Caprolactone) and Styrax Liquidus (Liquidambar orientalis Miller) as a Wound Dressing: Preparation, Characterization, Biological and Cytocompatibility Results(Springer, 2022) Demir, Didem; Ozdemir, Sadin; Ceylan, Seda; Yalcin, M. Serkan; Sakim, Burcu; Bolgen, NimetIn this study, styrax liquidus (sweet gum balsam) extracted from Liquidambar orientalis Mill. incorporated PCL fibrous scaffolds were prepared using the electrospinning method. The effects of the styrax liquidus content on the prepared scaffolds were investigated using different physico-chemical and morphological analyses. Then, the styrax-loaded nanofibers were examined for their antioxidant activity, anti-biofilm, metal chelating, antimicrobial and DNA cleavage properties. The results obtained from these studies showed that the nanofibers exhibited effective biological activity depending on the weight ratio of the styrax liquidus. In light of the data obtained from the characterization and biological studies, a sample with high ratio of balsam was built for determining the cytocompatibility analysis in vitro. The cytotoxicity studies of the selected membrane were conducted using mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The fibrous scaffolds lead to increase the cell number as a result of high viability. According to the results, we propose a novel biocompatible electrospun hybrid scaffold with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that can be used as wound healing material for potential tissue engineering applications.Öğe Electrospun nanofiber mats caged the mammalian macrophages on their surfaces and prevented their inflammatory responses independent of the fiber diameter(Nature Portfolio, 2024) Ayaz, Furkan; Demir, Didem; Bölgen, NimetPoly-?-caprolactone (PCL) has been widely used as biocompatible materials in tissue engineering. They have been used in mammalian cell proliferation to polarization and differentiation. Their modified versions had regulatory activities on mammalian macrophages in vitro. There are also studies suggesting different nanofiber diameters might alter the biological activities of these materials. Based on these cues, we examined the inflammatory activities and adherence properties of mammalian macrophages on electrospun PCL nanofibrous scaffolds formed with PCL having different nanofiber diameters. Our results suggest that macrophages could easily attach and get dispersed on the scaffolds. Macrophages lost their inflammatory cytokine TNF and IL6 production capacity in the presence of LPS when they were incubated on nanofibers. These effects were independent of the mean fiber diameters. Overall, the scaffolds have potential to be used as biocompatible materials to suppress excessive inflammatory reactions during tissue and organ transplantation by caging and suppressing the inflammatory cells.Öğe Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical, Sensing, and Energy Harvesting Functions(Mdpi, 2023) Demir, Didem; Bolgen, Nimet; Vaseashta, AshokThe process of electrospinning is over a century old, yet novel material and method achievements, and later the addition of nanomaterials in polymeric solutions, have spurred a significant increase in research innovations with several unique applications. Significant improvements have been achieved in the development of electrospun nanofibrous matrices, which include tailoring compositions of polymers with active agents, surface functionalization with nanoparticles, and encapsulation of functional materials within the nanofibers. Recently, sequentially combining fabrication of nanofibers with 3D printing was reported by our group and the synergistic process offers fiber membrane functionalities having the mechanical strength offered by 3D printed scaffolds. Recent developments in electrospun nanofibers are enumerated here with special emphasis on biomedical technologies, chemical and biological sensing, and energy harvesting aspects in the context of e-textile and tactile sensing. Energy harvesting offers significant advantages in many applications, such as biomedical technologies and critical infrastructure protection by using the concept of finite state machines and edge computing. Many other uses of devices using electrospun nanofibers, either as standalone or conjoined with 3D printed materials, are envisaged. The focus of this review is to highlight selected novel applications in biomedical technologies, chem.-bio sensing, and broadly in energy harvesting for use in internet of things (IoT) devices. The article concludes with a brief projection of the future direction of electrospun nanofibers, limitations, and how synergetic combination of the two processes will open pathways for future discoveries.Öğe Evaluation of Mucilage as a Plant Secret for the Production of Bioactive Tissue Engineered Scaffolds(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2023) Demir, Didem[No abstract available]Öğe Functionalisation of Polymeric Patches for Skin Tissue Engineering Applications with Plant Oil Additives(Avestia Publishing, 2024) Demir, DidemPolymeric patches, which can be designed in different forms using biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, have the potential to be used in skin tissue engineering applications to reconstruct the structural and functional components of the skin, reduce scar formation, and improve the quality of wound healing. Recent studies have focused on the functionalization of these flexible, mechanically stable, and easily applicable biomaterials with the addition of biologically active agents. In this context, the aim is to increase biological activities in terms of healing ability and antimicrobial features by preserving the existing characteristics of the biomaterials. In this study, polymer patches were prepared by solvent casting method using a combination of chitosan (2% wt. in acetic acid solution), polyvinyl alcohol (10% wt. in distilled water) and pectin (5% wt. in distilled water) with some modifications as described in our previous studies [1], [2]. For the functionalization of polymeric structures, studies were carried out with grape seed oil at different ratios (25%, 50% and 100% wt. of total polymer amount), which is a bioactive agent known for its wound and scar healing activity, delaying the aging process and preventing the occurrence of some chronic diseases in medicine for many years [3], [4]. Uniform thin films, slightly yellowish in colour due to the presence of chitosan and pectin, transparent and easily peelable without tearing from the mould were successfully obtained. The film thickness was measured as 0.085±0.01, 0.087±0.01, 0.011±0.02 and 0.013±0.02 for blank and increased amounts of oil added polymer films, respectively. Basic physicochemical characterization, mechanical stability, water vapour permeability, liquid absorption capacity, and biodegradability properties of patches prepared were analysed for use as dressing for skin tissue engineering. The ability of the materials to retain their existing properties after the addition of seed oil was also discussed in the same analyses and the release of the bioactive substance from the patches was monitored in a time-dependent manner. There was no change in the physical appearance of the films after the oil additive. Moreover, the polymeric films showed extreme flexibility at high oil concentrations, which made them more adhesize. It can also be said that grape oil acts as a plasticizer, making the polymer film more flexible. Among the all samples, the highest amount of oil added films exhibited a slower initial swelling rate and subsequently a higher equilibrium value (approximately 700%), indicating an important sustained release property necessary to provide a long-lasting antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral environment. Finally, the contribution of the oil additive to the biological properties of the materials was demonstrated by antimicrobial activity studies. Polymeric patches with oil additive decreased colony numbers of both E. coli and S. aureus under 50 from blank sample having 325 and 470 colony numbers, respectively. These results indicate that incorporation of seed oil into polymeric patches effectively enhances the antibacterial property. In light of the obtained results, a new flexible, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and highly effective biodegradable product functionalized in the presence of a bioactive agent can be nominated for both cosmetic and skin tissue engineering applications. © 2024, Avestia Publishing. All rights reserved.Öğe Hierarchical Integration of 3D Printing and Electrospinning of Nanofibers for Rapid Prototyping(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Vaseashta, Ashok; Demir, Didem; Sakım, Burcu; A Ş Ik, Müge; Bölgen, NimetElectrospinning is an effective and versatile technique used to produce porous structures ranging from submicron to nanometer diameters. Using a variety of high-performance polymers and blends, several porous structure configurations have become possible for applications in tactile sensing, energy harvesting, filtration, and biomedical applications, however, the structures lack mechanical complexity, conformity, and desired three-dimensional single/multi-material constructs necessary to mimic desired structures. A simple, yet versatile, strategy is through employing digitally-controlled fabrication of shape-morphing by combining two promising technologies, viz., electrospinning and 3D printing/additive manufacturing. Using hierarchical integration of configurations, elaborate shapes and patterns are printed on mesostructured stimuli-responsive electrospun membranes, modulating in-plane and interlayer internal stresses induced by swelling/shrinkage mismatch, and thus guiding morphing behaviors of electrospun membranes to adapt to changes of the environment. Recent progress in 3D/4D printing/additive manufacturing processes includes materials and scaffold constructs for tactile and wearable sensors, filtration structures, sensors for structural health monitoring, biomedical scaffolds, tissue engineering, and optical patterning, among many other applications to support the vision of synthetically prepared material systems that mimic many of the structural aspects with digital precision.Anovel technology called 3Djet writingwas recently reported that catapults electrospinning to adaptive technologies for the manufacturing of scaffolds according to user-defined specifications of the shape and size of both the pores and the overall geometric footprint. This chapter reviews the hierarchical synergy between electrospinning and 3D printing as part of precision micromanufacturing for rapid prototyping of structures that are likely to evolve next-generation structures into reality. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.Öğe Imparting of Nearly Superparamagnetic Properties to Cryogel Scaffolds With Mesoporous MNPs for Magneto-Sensitive Tissue Engineering Strategies(Wiley, 2024) Demir, Didem; Ulusal, Fatma; Ulusal, Hasan; Ceylan, Seda; Dagli, Sibel; Ozdemir, Nalan; Tarakcioglu, MehmetThis work reports the assembly of mesoporous iron oxide nanoparticles (meso-MNPs) with cryogel scaffolds composed of chitosan and gelatin. Meso-MNPs with a particle size ranging from 2 and 50 nm, a surface area of 140.52 m2 g-1, and a pore volume of 0.27 cm3 g-1 were synthesized on a porous SiO2 template in the presence of PEG 6000 followed by leaching of SiO2. Different ratios of meso-MNPs were successfully incorporated into chitosan:gelatin cryogels up to an amount equivalent to the entire amount of polymer. The morphological structure and physicochemical properties of the cryogels were directly affected by the amount of MNPs. VSM curves showed that all composite cryogels could be magnetized by applying a magnetic field. In the context of the safety of magnetic cryogel scaffolds for use in biomedicine, it is important to note that all values are below the exposure limit for static magnetic fields, and according to cytotoxicity data, scaffolds containing meso-MNPs showed nontoxicity with cell viability ranging from 150% to 275%. In addition, microbial analysis with gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria showed that the scaffolds exhibited activity against these bacteria. imageÖğe Integrating 3D Printing and Electrospinning to Fabricate Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration(CRC Press, 2024) Demir, Didem; Vaseashta, Ashok; Bölgen, NimetBone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to induce tissue regeneration through synergizing scaffolds, cells, and growth factors. As the main component of BTE, scaffolds produced traditionally using particulate leaching and solvent casting, freeze-drying, electrospinning, 3D printing/additive manufacturing, and phase separation should ideally mimic the natural structure of bone by exhibiting certain biological, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Moreover, traditional techniques should be manipulated or combined with modern technologies to provide the desired physicochemical properties. Among the traditional manufacturing methodologies, electrospinning and 3D printing produce materials with a wide variety of applications due to their unique properties. Therefore, combining these two techniques is an important breakthrough in improving the final properties of scaffolds: The 3D printing makes it possible to construct scaffolds that will fill complex bone defects, while electrospinning produces micro- and nanostructured fibers that provide a suitable microenvironment for regenerating and facilitating bone. First, we present information about the general principles, concepts, and applications of BTE. Then, we introduce modified methods and BTE applications of hybrid systems involving both 3D printing and electrospinning. Finally, we summarize the future direction, the issues that need to be improved or developed, and the surrounding challenges. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Ashok Kumar, Sneha Singh, and Prerna Singh; individual chapters, the contributors.Öğe Introduction and Fundamentals of Electrospinning(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Bölgen, Nimet; Demir, Didem; Aşık, Müge; Sakım, Burcu; Vaseashta, AshokElectrospinning is an effective and versatile technique used to produce continuous fibers from submicron down to nanometer diameters. The produced nanofibers from polymer solutions or melts have been a focus of interest as they have many potential applications in energy conversion and storage, environmental, biomedical, and pharmacological area. In addition, new application areas are created by functionalizing the produced nanofibers with different features as antimicrobial, conductive, responsive to stimulus, and biomimetic properties. Conventional electrospinning setup can be modified for large-scale and continuous production by integration with developing technologies. In this chapter, firstly, history, process theory, and basic principles of electrospinning are summarized. Then, the latest developed technologies related to electrospinning, functionalization routes to add superior features to the nanofibrous materials, and remarkable application areas of electrospun nanofibers are presented. Finally, future trends in the electrospinning area are discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.Öğe Mucilage polysaccharide as a plant secretion: Potential trends in food and biomedical applications(Elsevier, 2023) Goksen, Gulden; Demir, Didem; Dhama, Kuldeep; Kumar, Manoj; Shao, Ping; Xie, Fengwei; Echegaray, NoemiCurrent trends are shifting away from using synthetic compounds in favor of discovering new natural component sources that will allow them to create goods that are healthful, environmentally friendly, sustainable, and profitable. The food industry, in light of these trends, has opted to look for safe natural ingredients that will allow the production of low-fat, artificial-additive-free, gluten-free, prebiotic, and fortified foods. Similarly, the pharmaceutical and medical industries have attempted to apply natural ingredients to address the challenges related to biomaterials more efficiently than synthetic ingredients. Against this background, plant mucilage has proven to be a polysaccharide with excellent health features and technological properties, useful for both food and biomedical applications. Many studies have shown that its inclusion in different food matrices improves the quality of the products obtained under appropriate reformulations. At the same time, plant mucilage has been indicated to be a very interesting matrix in biomedical field especially tissue engineering applications since it has been emerged to favor tissue regeneration with its highly biocompatible structure. This concise review discusses the most recent advances of the applications of plant mucilage in different foods as well as its recent use in biomedical field. In this context, firstly, a general definition of mucilage was made and information about plantbased mucilage, which is frequently used, about the plant parts they are found in, their content and how they are obtained are presented. Then, the use of mucilage in the food industry including bakery products, meat emulsions, fermented dairy products, ice cream, and other foods is presented with case studies. Afterwards, the use of plant mucilage in the biomedical field, which has attracted attention in recent years, especially in applications with tissue engineering approach such as scaffolds for tissue regeneration, wound dressings, drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical industry was evaluated.
