Comparative benefits of environmental protection expenditures and environmental taxes in driving environmental quality of the European countries

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dc.authoridalola, andrew/0000-0001-5355-3707
dc.contributor.authorAkdag, Saffet
dc.contributor.authorYildirim, Hakan
dc.contributor.authorAlola, Andrew Adewale
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-17T12:25:37Z
dc.date.available2025-03-17T12:25:37Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentTarsus Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractEnvironmental protection and tax policies are part of the crucial pillars and the evolving aspects of environmental sustainability drive. These policies are increasingly employed to counter the 21st century's global climate problem alongside providing economic relief for the implementing economies. Being on the frontier (i.e., the European Union [EU]) of these policies, the current study examines and compares the impacts of environmental protection expenditures and environmental tax on energy consumption on the ploy to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the panel of EU member countries. With the use of system generalized method of moments and panel causality analyses, the study established the effectiveness of both environmental protection expenditure and environmental tax at improving environmental quality by respectively mitigating GHG emissions by elasticities of similar to 2.08 and similar to 0.18. Importantly, environmental protection expenditure is found to be about two times more effective at mitigating GHG emissions than environmental tax policy, thus providing a novel perspective in the literature. Moreover, energy intensity and Gross Domestic Product help to improve environmental quality by mitigating GHG emissions while population causes more pollutant effects. Additionally, the investigation reveals evidence of Granger causality from environmental protection expenditure to GHG emissions in seven of the EU countries and Granger causality from environmental tax to GHG emissions in 10 European countries. Notably, measurable dimensions of policy guidelines that are relevant for globally and/or nationally defined sustainable development goals are induced from the result of this investigation.
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/1477-8947.12464
dc.identifier.issn0165-0203
dc.identifier.issn1477-8947
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85191158447
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12464
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13099/1785
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001206295200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofNatural Resources Forum
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250316
dc.subjectenvironmental policies
dc.subjectenvironmental quality
dc.subjectEuropean Union
dc.subjectgreenhouse gas emissions
dc.subjectsustainable development
dc.subjectsystem GMM
dc.titleComparative benefits of environmental protection expenditures and environmental taxes in driving environmental quality of the European countries
dc.typeArticle

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