Comparison of Conventional Extraction Techniques with Superheated Steam Distillation on Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Syzygium aromaticum L. Essential Oil

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dc.authoridAyub, Muhammad Adnan/0000-0002-0482-0896
dc.authoridZubair, Muhammad/0000-0002-9557-0342
dc.authoridSTAROWICZ, Malgorzata/0000-0001-6053-2250
dc.authoridGoksen, Gulden/0000-0002-5432-7936
dc.contributor.authorAyub, Muhammad Adnan
dc.contributor.authorGoksen, Gulden
dc.contributor.authorFatima, Ambreen
dc.contributor.authorZubair, Muhammad
dc.contributor.authorAbid, Muhammad Amin
dc.contributor.authorStarowicz, Malgorzata
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-17T12:25:13Z
dc.date.available2025-03-17T12:25:13Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentTarsus Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractSyzygium aromaticum L. is an aromatic plant with a significant amount of essential oil (EO), which is used in food, medicine, for flavoring, and in the fragrance industry. The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the chemical composition, yield, and antioxidant and antifungal activities of Syzygium aromaticum essential oils extracted by the conventional hydro-distillation, steam distillation, and the emerging superheated steam distillation methods. It was noticed that the extraction methods significantly influenced the yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils. The maximum yield was obtained using superheated steam distillation, followed by hydro-distillation and steam distillation. The antioxidant potential of EO extracts was evaluated following the scavenging of 2,2-dipenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and ferric reducing power assays. Results revealed that EO extracted superheated steam distillation exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. GC-MS analysis depicted eugenol (47.94-26.50%) and caryophyllene (20.24-9.25%) as the major compounds of Syzygium aromaticum EOs. The antimicrobial activity of EO extracts was evaluated, via the resazurin microtiter plate assay, microdilution broth assay, and disc diffusion methods, against normal and food pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. After comparative evaluation, it was observed that superheated steam extracted EO exhibited the highest antimicrobial potential. Overall, methodical evaluation disclosed that superheated steam distillation is an effective method to extract EOs from plant sources, with greater yield and promising biological activities.
dc.description.sponsorshipHigher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan [20-15988/NRPU/RD/HEC/2021]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research is part of a research project (Grant No. 20-15988/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021) funded by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/separations10010027
dc.identifier.issn2297-8739
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85146826323
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/separations10010027
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13099/1560
dc.identifier.volume10
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000916363000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofSeparations
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250316
dc.subjectsuperheated steam distillation
dc.subjectSyzygium aromaticum
dc.subjectessential oil
dc.subjectcaryophyllene
dc.subjectantioxidant activity
dc.titleComparison of Conventional Extraction Techniques with Superheated Steam Distillation on Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Syzygium aromaticum L. Essential Oil
dc.typeArticle

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