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    In Vitro Anti-Obesity Effect of Aloe vera Extract Through Transcription Factors and Lipolysis-Associated Genes
    (Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2022) Yunusoglu, Oruc; Türkmen, Ömer; Berkoz, Mehmet; Yıldırım, Metin; Yalın, Serap
    In recent years, obesity has been associated with heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis, and become a global health problem. Therefore, researchers seek to find functional drugs against obesity. For the past few decades, medicinal plants have been examined to for their anti-obesity effects, including Aloe vera. In this study, it was aimed to elucidate the inhibitory effect of Aloe vera extract on adipogenesis. Firstly, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were stimulated so as to differentiate into mature adipocyte using adipogenic differentiation cocktail consisting of 10 μg/mL insulin, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine, 0.25 mM dexamethasone, and 100 ng/mL biotin on day 0. Various concentrations (10-50 µg/mL) of Aloe vera extract with no cytotoxic effect were applied to differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, Oil r ed O staining, intracellular triglyceride levels, and gene expressions of transcription factors and lipolysis-associated genes were examined in order to investigate the effect of Aloe vera extract on adipocyte differentiation. Aloe vera treatment caused a continuous decrease in cell size and intracellular triglyceride accumulation. Despite the fact that GPDH activity, mRNA levels of transcription factors and lipolysis-associated genes decreased in mature adipocytes treated with Aloe vera extract. These results suggest that Aloe vera may have a therapeutic effect in prevention and/or treatment of adipogenesis-related obesity. © 2022, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
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    Protective effect of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin pretreatments on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Berkoz, Mehmet; Yalin, Serap; Ozkan-Yilmaz, Ferbal; Ozluer-Hunt, Arzu; Krosniak, Miroslaw; Francik, Renata; Yunusoglu, Oruc
    Aim: Major side effects of cyclophosphamide administration are immunosuppression and myelosuppression. The immunomodulatory effects of plant bioactive compounds on chemotherapy drug-induced immunosuppression may have significant effects in cancer treatment. For this reason, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in rats. Methods: In our study, a total of 64 rats were used, and divided into eight equal groups. These groups were: control, cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide+myricetin (100mg/kg), cyclophosphamide+myricetin (200mg/kg), cyclophosphamide+apigenin (100mg/kg), cyclophosphamide+apigenin (200mg/kg), cyclophosphamide+hesperidin (100mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide+hesperidin (200mg/kg). Myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin pretreatments were performed for 14d, while cyclophosphamide application (200mg/kg) was performed only on the 4th day of the study. Levels of humoral antibody production, quantitative hemolysis, macrophage phagocytosis, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and natural killer cell cytotoxicity were determined. In addition, we measured pro-inflammatory cytokines, and followed lipid peroxidation and antioxidant markers and examined the histology of bone marrow, liver and spleen in all groups. Results: During cyclophosphamide treatment, all three phytochemicals increased the levels of humoral antibody production, quantitative hemolysis, macrophage phagocytosis, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, antioxidant markers, and natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, the agents decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, reduced lipid peroxidation markers, and reduced tissue damage in liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin can reduce the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide by enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses, and these compounds may be useful immunomodulatory agents during cancer chemotherapy.