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Öğe Anti-cancer activity of naringenin loaded smart polymeric nanoparticles in breast cancer(Elsevier, 2022) Yildirim, Metin; Acet, Omur; Yetkin, Derya; Acet, Burcu Onal; Karakoc, Veyis; Odabasi, MehmetBreast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women worldwide, and approximately comprise 25% of all female malignancies. Naringenin (Nar) is a promising anticancer agent for breast cancer. However, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited due to its poor water solubility and bioavailability. The purpose of the present study is to prepare pH and thermo sensitive smart polymeric nanoparticles carrying naringenin (NarSPNPs) to improve bioavailability, and increase therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer. N-isopropylacrylamide and Vinyl imidazole were used as thermo and pH sensitive monomers, respectively. NarSPNPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses, SEM and FTIR for particle size and potential analysis, surface morphology and functional group determinations, respectively. Release profile and its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle in breast cancer were also studied. Physicochemical characterization of newly prepared NarSPNPs, cytotoxicity, and IC50 assessments confirmed their stability and bioactivity as an anti-breast cancer agent with no toxicity against human epithelia cells. These findings together with flow cytometry analysis, revealed that apoptosis is the main mechanism underlying cell death after NarSPNPs treatment.Öğe Association of Kruppel-like factor 2 polymorphisms with the risk of coronary artery disease(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Degirmenci, Ulas; Yildirim, Metin; Akkapulu, Merih; Yalin, Ali Erdinc; Yilmaz, Dilek Cicek; Oztornaci, Ragip Onur; Tasdelen, BaharPurpose: Coronary artery disease is defined as complications that develop in proportion to the prevalence of ischemia due to occlusion of the coronary arteries and the resulting cell death. The development of atherosclerosis is significantly influenced by endothelial cell dysfunction. Kruppel-like factor 2, a transcription factor, has been shown to regulate critical biological events in endothelial biology, such as vascular tone, migration, proliferation, vasoreactivity, and angiogenesis. In our study, it was aimed to clarify the relationship between coronary artery disease and Kruppel-like factor 2 protein levels and C1239A polymorphisms.Materials and Methods: 191 individuals who underwent coronary angiography at Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Health, Research and Application Center were included in the study. Measurements of serum fasting blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were performed on the AU5800 (Beckman Coulter, United States) autoanalyzer. Serum LDL levels were calculated using the Friedwald equation. Serum Kruppel-like factor 2 protein levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay method on the Multiskan GO (Thermo Scientific, Finland) device. Kruppel-like factor 2 C1239A variations were detected on the Applied Biosystem VIIATM 7 Real-Time PCR (Life Technologies Co., United States) device by TaqMan (R) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping method.Results: Men had a 3.8-fold higher risk of CAD than women. (Odd's ratio 3.83, 95% Confidence interval 1.98- 7.39; p<0.001). Kruppel-Like Factor 2 protein levels werenot significantly different amongst the groups. Kruppel-like factor 2 C1239A polymorphisms were not associated with coronary artery disease.Conclusion: More comprehensive studies with larger sample groups including other gene regions and meta -analysis studies are needed to determine the relationship between Kruppel-like factor 2 gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease.Öğe Bacteriophage Therapy of Bacterial Infections: The Rediscovered Frontier(Mdpi, 2021) Duzgunes, Nejat; Sessevmez, Melike; Yildirim, MetinAntibiotic-resistant infections present a serious health concern worldwide. It is estimated that there are 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections and 35,000 deaths in the United States every year. Such microorganisms include Acinetobacter, Enterobacterioceae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Mycobacterium. Alternative treatment methods are, thus, necessary to treat such infections. Bacteriophages are viruses of bacteria. In a lytic infection, the newly formed phage particles lyse the bacterium and continue to infect other bacteria. In the early 20th century, d'Herelle, Bruynoghe and Maisin used bacterium-specific phages to treat bacterial infections. Bacteriophages are being identified, purified and developed as pharmaceutically acceptable macromolecular drugs, undergoing strict quality control. Phages can be applied topically or delivered by inhalation, orally or parenterally. Some of the major drug-resistant infections that are potential targets of pharmaceutically prepared phages are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Acinetobacter baumannii.Öğe Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of some coumarin and 2-amino-3-carbonitrile selenophene derivatives in prostate cancer(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Yildirim, Metin; Ersatir, Mehmet; Arslan, Badel; Giray, Elife Sultan3-acetyl coumarin derivatives (1a-d) are formed as a result of condensation of salicylaldehyde derivatives and ethyl acetoacetate and were converted into coumarin-selenophene hybrid compounds (2a-d) in the basic medium by modified Gewald reaction in the presence of malononitrile and selenium. Products are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The prepared compounds are screened for their anticancer activity against DU-145 cell line. In addition, selected target compounds are evaluated for apoptosis and oxidative stress on DU-145 (prostate carcinoma) cell lines.Öğe Cytotoxic effect of silica nanoparticles on human retinal pigment epithelial cells(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023) Kaynar, Ayse Humeyra; Comelekoglu, Ulku; Kibar, Deniz; Yildirim, Metin; Yildirimcan, Saadet; Yilmaz, Sakir Necat; Erat, SelmaIn recent years, the use of nanotechnology-based methods has become widespread in the treatment of ocular diseases. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are most common used NPs in medical field due to their physicochemical properties. SiO2 NPs can easily cross biological membranes and interact with basic biological structures, causing structural and functional changes in cells. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the dose dependent effect of SiO2 NPs on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro using electrobiophysical, biochemical and histological methods. A commercially purchased human RPE (hARPE-19) cell line was used in this study. Cells were divided into four groups as control, 50 mg/mL SiO2, 100 mg/mL SiO2 and 150 mg/mL SiO2 groups. Cell index, apoptotic activity, cell cycle and oxidative stress markers were measured in all groups. Findings in the present study showed that SiO2 nanoparticles reduced cell proliferation, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis and arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle as dose dependent manner in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, SiO2 exposure can induce cytotoxic effects in RPE cell line. The results of this study provide clues that exposure to SiO2 nanoparticles may impair visual function and reduce quality of life. However, further studies are needed in this regard.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Enhanced Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Hesperidin through Smart Polymeric Nanoparticles Targeting Prostate Cancer(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2024) Yildirim, Metin; Acet, Omur; Acet, Burcu Onal; Karakoc, Veyis; Odabasi, MehmetThe rapid progress of various nanotechnology tools is currently being utilized in the management of several fatal illnesses, including cancer. Nanopolymers that encapsulate anti-cancer medication present a highly encouraging substitute to traditional therapies, primarily because of their specific targeting and accurate functionality, making them suitable for a variety of uses. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) is a non-toxic polymer derived from the monomer HEMA, which is known for its toxicity. It can be combined with various other polymers and is associated with minimal immune response. The objective of the current investigation is to produce smart polymeric nanoparticles that are responsive to changes in pH and temperature, and capable of encapsulating hesperidin. These hesperidin-loaded poly(2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-isopropylacrylamide-Vinyl imidazole) nanoparticles, referred to as HesSNPs, aim to enhance the bioavailability of hesperidin and augment its therapeutic effectiveness in combating prostate cancer. N-isopropylacrylamide and Vinyl imidazole were employed as monomers sensitive to temperature and pH, respectively. Nanopolymers that were synthesized underwent characterization through dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze particle size and charge, surface morphology, and functional group determinations, respectively. HesSNPs decreased cell viability of DU-145 cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that apoptosis is the main mechanism underlying cell death after HesSNPs treatment. Smart polymeric nanoparticles (HesSNPs), designed to encapsulate hesperidin, are synthesized from pH and temperature-responsive monomers. Characterized by DLS, SEM, and FTIR, these nanoparticles enhance hesperidin bioavailability. HesSNPs reduce prostate cancer cell viability (DU-145), with flow cytometry indicating apoptosis as the primary mechanism. This study highlights the potential of HesSNPs in advancing cancer treatment strategies. imageÖğe Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading(Beilstein-Institut, 2022) Weiss, Agnes -Valencia; Schorr, Daniel; Metz, Julia K.; Yildirim, Metin; Khan, Saeed Ahmad; Schneider, MarcTuning the elastic properties of nanoparticles intended to be used in drug delivery is of great interest. To this end, different poten-tial formulations are developed since the particle elasticity is affecting the in vitro and in vivo performance of the nanoparticles. Here we present a method to determine the elasticity of single gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs). Furthermore, we introduce the possi-bility of tuning the elastic properties of gelatin nanoparticles during their preparation through crosslinking time. Young's moduli from 5.48 to 14.26 MPa have been obtained. Additionally, the possibility to measure the elasticity of single nanoparticles revealed the influence of loading a macromolecular model drug (FITC-dextran) on the mechanical properties, which decreased with raising amounts of loaded drug. Loaded particles were significantly softer, with Young's moduli between 1.06 and 5.79 MPa for the same crosslinking time, than the blank GNPs. In contrast to this, lysozyme as a crosslinkable macromolecule did not influence the me-chanical properties. A good in vitro cell compatibility was found investigating blank GNPs and FITC-dextran-loaded GNPs in viability assays with the cancer cell line A549 and the human primary cell-derived hAELVi cell line.Öğe Green synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation and their antiproliferative effects on liver, breast, and prostate cancer studies(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Ersatir, Mehmet; Yildirim, Metin2-Amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives were synthesized in an ultrasonic bath and one pot four-component reactions with high yields, in a short time, without solvent and catalyst, and anticancer activity studies on MCF7, DU145, and HepG2 cell lines were investigated. 18 compounds were synthesized in 4-25 min time interval and 85-99% yield. Among these compounds, the IC50 values in 7a, 6a, and 3a on MCF7 breast cancer cell line was found to be 1.80, 1.95, and 2.50 mu M, respectively, while the values in the HepG2 liver cancer cell line were 7.71, 7.90, and 8.05 mu M, respectively. In studies conducted in the DU145 prostate cancer cell line, IC50 values of compounds 1b, 2b, and 8b were found to be 9.90, 10.10, and 15.30 mu M, respectively.Öğe Identification of variations in genes encoding ATP-dependent potassium channel proteins in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Akkapulu, Merih; Yildirim, Metin; Vezir, Ozden; Sucu, Nehir; Yalin, Ali ErdincPurpose: Primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) is a vascular disorder characterized by recurrent vasospastic response of the fingers and toes to cold or stress. ATP -sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are widely distributed in vasculatures, and play an important role in the vascular tone regulation. The major vascular isoform of KATP channels is composed of Kir6.1/SUR2 (KCNJ8/ABCC9). It would be important to determine whether variations of KATP genes related to PRP is thought to be associated with vasospasm. It is believed that the studies describing mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of inherited vascular disorders offers the best opportunity for investigation of the early stages of pathogenicity and diagnosis of PRP and associated other diseases. In this study we aim to investigate possible association between genetic variations observed in KATP channel coding genes and vasospasm associated with PRP.Materials and Methods: In our study; the cases with PRP, the relation between the variation in the KCNJ8/ABCC9 genes (S422L/V734I or rs72554071/rs61688134) was examined. 50 subjects who were diagnosed with PRP (patient group) and 50 healthy subjects (control group) were included in the study. Variations were determined using the Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS PCR) method.Results: Of the individuals in the patient and control group included in the study, 21 were male and 29 were female. The mean age of the patients was 25.7 +/- 3.36 years, and the mean age of the control group was 25.9 +/- 3.44 years. No significant relationship was found between PRP disease and genotype and allele distribution of KCNJ8/ABCC9 genes.Conclusion: This study presented the first findings about KCNJ8/ABCC9 gene variations in the Turkish population and may lead to future studies. Studies involving a higher number of cases and more mutations will be able to show whether there is a relationship between KATP channels and PRP and contribute to the elucidation of PRP pathogenesis in terms of genetic factors.Öğe Immunomodulatory activities of pH/temperature sensitive smart naringenin-loaded nanopolymers on the mammalian macrophages(Elsevier, 2023) Yildirim, Metin; Acet, OmurThis study aims to formulate naringenin (Nar)-loaded pH/temperature sensitive nanopolymers for therapeutic options for inflammatory diseases. For this aim, Nar loaded SNPs (NarSNPs) were synthesized by miniememulsion method and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) characterization experiments were conducted. The cytokines release (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and cell viability were determined on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. SNPs were determined as a potential naringenin carrier in terms of loading capacity, entrapment efficiency, pH/ temperature dependent release, and preservation of bioactivity of Nar. According to our cell viability analyses, NarSNPs are safe at concentration 120 mu g/mL. pH/temperature sensitive SNPs decreased the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha 3.95 and 4.35 times more efficiently than free Nar, respectively. These results indicate that SNPs increase bioactivity of Nar against adverse effects of inflammatory response.Öğe N-(benzazol-2-yl)-2-substituted phenylacetamide derivatives: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation against MCF7 breast cancer cell line(Elsevier, 2023) Zoatier, Bayan; Yildirim, Metin; Alagoz, Mehmet Abdullah; Yetkin, Derya; Turkmenoglu, Burcin; Burmaoglu, Serdar; Algul, OztekinThis work describes the straightforward and efficient one-pot synthesis of a new library of N-(benzazol-2-yl)-2-substituted phenylacetamide derivatives (19-27). Using the MTT assay, these compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line, and the results were compared to the standard doxorubicin. The majority of compounds exhibited an inhibitory effect against the cancer cell line, with compounds 19, 22, and 26 exhibiting exceptional cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells. Using flow cytometry, the most potent compound 19 on the induction of apoptosis in the breast cancer cell line was determined. Compound 19 induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest followed by apoptotic cell death. In silico analyses of potent compounds 19, 22, and 26 were conducted to investigate their interactions with Human DNA topoisomerase II. The energy calculations were found to be in excel-lent agreement with the calculated IC50 values. In addition, drug similarity parameter values for the three active compounds were determined using in silico ADME prediction studies. Considering all of these re-sults, it appears that these N-(benzazol-2-yl)-2-substituted phenylacetamide derivatives may be effective anticancer agents. This work may possibly generate new concepts for the enhancement of inhibitors of human DNA topoisomerase II for breast cancer treatment.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Cancer and Novel Liposomal Photosensitizers(Mdpi, 2023) Duzgunes, Nejat; Piskorz, Jaroslaw; Skupin-Mrugalska, Paulina; Yildirim, Metin; Sessevmez, Melike; Cheung, JenniferPhotodynamic therapy facilitates the selective destruction of cancer tissue by utilizing a photosensitizer drug, the light near the absorbance wavelength of the drug, and oxygen. Methylene Blue, 5-aminolevulinic acid (the precursor of the photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX), porphyrin, Foscan, Chlorin e6, and HPPH have been used successfully as photosensitizers in the treatment of oral verrucous hyperplasia, oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Theranostic liposomes can deliver a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and a photosensitizer for the image-guided photodynamic therapy of head and neck cancer. Liposomes incorporating photosensitizers can be targeted to cell surface markers overexpressed on cancer cells. Novel porphyrinoids have been developed in our laboratories that are highly effective as photosensitizers. Tribenzoporphyrazines encapsulated in cationic liposomes have produced IC50 values up to 50 times lower compared to the free photosensitizers. It is anticipated that targeting these drugs to cancer stem cells, using upconversion nanoparticles for the near-infrared irradiation of tumors to activate the photosensitizers, and overcoming tumor hypoxia will enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy of tumors accessible to light sources.Öğe Possible protective role of punicalagin on oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity in ethanol-induced liver toxicity(Marmara Univ, 2021) Yanpar, Esma; Yildirim, Metin; Akkapulu, Merih; Degirmenci, Ulas; Konen Adiguzel, Serpil; Yalin, Serap; Yalin, Ali ErdincAlcohol consumption is a tradition in most cultures but are increasingly being arised as possessing a potential for misuse. Punicalagin is a phenolic compound that is found in forms alpha and beta in pomegranates. In this study, the protective role of punicalagin on oxidative stress, inflammation and DNA damage caused by ethanol (EtOH) in liver tissue were examined. Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as control, eth, punicalagin, EtOH EtOH + punicalagin. In EtOH groups, rats were treated with EtOH (4g/kg) for 21 days, in punicalagin groups, rats were treated with punicalagin (4 mg/ kg) for 21 days. In the liver tissue, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, in serum AST, ALT, LDH activities and TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels were measured. Genotoxicity was evaluated using comet assay. Based on these experimental results, while EtOH increased ALT, AST and LDH enzyme activies and induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Punicalagin reduced IL6, TNF-alpha, MDA levels, ALT, AST, LDH enzyme activities and increased SOD, CAT activities and GSH levels. EtOH significantly increased the percentage of damaged cells (type II, III and IV) and genetic damage index compared to the other groups (control, punicalagin and EtOH +punicalagin). Punicalagin was not genotoxic compared to the control. Furthermore, punicalagin reduced the genotoxic effect, induced by EtOH, with the sharp decrease in damaged cells (from 14.00 +/- 1.22 to 2.20 +/- 1.30) and genetic damage index (from 1.20 +/- 0.05 to 0.14 +/- 0.05). Punicalagin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and protective role against to ethanol induced liver toxicity.Öğe Potential Protective Effects of Ruta Chalepensis L. Extracts Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Reduction on Apoptotic, DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress Markers in Mice(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Yildirim, Metin; Ersatir, Mehmet; Degirmenci, Ulas; Yigin, Akin; Unal, Mustafa Boyraz; Guldur, Muhammet Emin; Demirkol, OnurIn this study, the protective effects of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts on the extent of tissue damage in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity have been investigated. Ruta chalepensis L. extracts were prepared by subcritical water and ultrasound-assisted organic solvent extraction methods. Protective activity of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts on Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is investigated by apoptotic, DNA damage, oxidative stress markers and evaluating histopathological in kidney tissue of mice. Gentamicin significantly increased Caspase-3 and -8 activities, NO levels, serum creatinine and BUN, while 8-OHdG and MDA levels were significantly decreased with Ruta chalepensis L. extract treatment. In addition, Ruta chalepensis L. extracts treatment significantly increased CAT and SOD activities. Histopathological alterations in Gentamicin group were significantly diminished by application of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts. These results suggest that treatment with Ruta chalepensis L. extracts may ameliorate renal dysfunction and structural damage through the reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the kidney.Öğe Recent advances on biologically active coumarin-based hybrid compounds(Springer Birkhauser, 2023) Yildirim, Metin; Poyraz, Samet; Ersatir, MehmetCoumarin hybrids have been designed and synthesized as an important new strategy in the field of medicinal chemistry. Coumarin core has been shown to form various compounds to combat several diseases including microbial, cancer, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, a number of coumarin-based drugs (e.g., coumadin, acenocoumarol, dicoumarol, phenprocoumon, and novobiocin) have been FDA-approved and are in the clinic, and several coumarin-containing compounds are in clinical trials. Our group classified coumarin-based hybrid compounds into groups showing shared biological activities and discussed their potential therapeutic targets.Öğe The Effect of Elasticity of Gelatin Nanoparticles on the Interaction with Macrophages(Mdpi, 2023) Yildirim, Metin; Weiss, Agnes-Valencia; Schneider, MarcGelatin is a biocompatible, biodegradable, cheap, and nontoxic material, which is already used for pharmaceutical applications. Nanoparticles from gelatin (GNPs) are considered a promising delivery system for hydrophilic and macromolecular drugs. Mechanical properties of particles are recognized as an important parameter affecting drug carrier interaction with biological systems. GNPs offer the preparation of particles with different stiffness. GNPs were loaded with Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled 150 kDa dextran (FITC-dextran) yielding also different elastic properties. GNPs were visualized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and force-distance curves from the center of the particles were evaluated for Young's modulus calculation. The prepared GNPs have Young's moduli from 4.12 MPa for soft to 9.8 MPa for stiff particles. Furthermore, cytokine release (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), cell viability, and cell uptake were determined on macrophage cell lines from mouse (RAW 264.7) and human (dTHP-1 cells, differentiated human monocytic THP-1 cells) origin for soft and stiff GNPs. Both particle types showed good cell compatibility and did not induce IL-6 and TNF-alpha release from RAW 264.7 and dTHP-1 cells. Stiffer GNPs were internalized into cells faster and to a larger extent.Öğe THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ALPHA LIPOIC ACID ON RETINAL DAMAGE IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Berkoz, Mehmet; Yildirim, Metin; Bahar, Leyla; Sucu, Nehir; Ilhan, Mert; Yalin, Ali ErdincIn this study, we examined the effects of alpha lipoic acid treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and investigated the mechanisms underlying the protective action of alpha lipoic acid in diabetic retinal damage which was induced by inflammation and oxidative stress and activation of MAPKs and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. A total of 28 rats were divided into 4 groups: control, diabetes mellitus (45 mg/kg STZ, alpha lipoic acid (100 mg/kg/day, gavage, for 21 days) and diabetes mellitus+ alpha lipoic acid. We measured malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 levels, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA levels and MAPK/NF-kappa B protein levels in retina tissue. Alpha lipoic acid enhances antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibits NF-kappa B activation and IKB-alpha degradation, phosphorylation of p38. ERK, and JNK proteins, the expression of inducible nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA, and production of nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor, and prostaglandin E2. These results suggest that the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of alpha lipoic acid may be important mechanisms involved in the protective effect of alpha lipoic acid on diabetic retinal damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore. alpha lipoic acid markedly reduced retinal injury associated with diabetes, as demonstrated by reduced histological damage of retinal cells.Öğe Things to Know and Latest Trends in the Design and Application of Nanoplatforms in Cancer Treatment(Springer, 2024) Yildirim, Metin; Acet, Burcu Onal; Dikici, Emrah; Odabasi, Mehmet; Acet, OmurNanotechnology has a crucial potential in cancer treatment. Nowadays, the trend of materials science has also contributed to the development of new nanoscale carrier systems, especially for use in the therapy of cancer patients. Many nanocarriers have been developed and continue to be developed for cancer therapy. Nanocarrier-based systems are widely used in cancer imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics due to its promising properties and potential to increase therapeutic efficacy. The design and use of nano-based delivery systems for cancer therapy are very promising for the future of cancer therapy. This review article has been presented to the literature in order to display the prominent trends in cancer treatment in recent years. For this purpose, key points in designing an ideal nanoplatforms, the latest important nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers, DNA origami, metallic nanoparticles, responsive, smart, biodegradable and biocompatible nanocarriers, together with recent studies, future perspectives are presented.
