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    The different impacts of g-C3N4 nanosheets on PVDF and PSF ultrafiltration membranes for Remazol black 5 dye rejection
    (Wiley, 2023) Şenol Arslan, Dilek; Gül, Ayşe; Dizge, Nadir; Ocakoğlu, Kasım; Uzal, Nigmet
    Membranes combined with nanoparticles are an excellent combinationcapable of successfully removing various contaminants, such as dyes fromwastewater while using very little energy and decreasing pollution. The pre-sent study reports an efficient approach for Remazol Black 5 (RB5) dyeremoval using composite graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C 3 N 4 ), poly-sulfone (PSF), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The mem-branes were prepared using the phase inversion method, with varyingquantities of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets ranging from 0.1%, 0.2% to 0.3%. The preparedg-C3 N4 nanosheets were characterized by FTIR, SEM analyses, and zeta poten-tial measurements. FTIR and SEM studies, contact angle, water permeability,COD, and dye rejection measurements were used to characterize the g-C3 N4nanosheets embedded in PSF and PVDF membranes. After the addition of0.3 wt% g-C3 N 4 , the water flux of the 0.3 wt% g-C 3 N4 embedded PSF mem-brane was the highest, whereas the water flux of the 0.3 wt% g-C3 N4 embeddedPVDF membrane was the lowest. The ultrafiltration (UF) membrane's perfor-mance with g-C3 N4 embedded showed an RB5 rejection rate of more than 80%and a COD removal efficiency of more than 45%. The results of the experimen-tal filtration showed that RB5 rejection reached maximum values of 91.3% for0.1 wt% g-C3 N 4 /PSF, and 85.6% for 0.3 wt% g-C 3 N4 /PVDF.