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    Antibacterial properties of subphthalocyanine and subphthalocyanine-TiO2 nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
    (World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2018) Ozturk, Ismail; Tuncel, Ayga; Ince, Mine; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Hosgor-Limoncu, Mine; Yurt, Fatma
    Nowadays the problem of antimicrobial resistance is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Treatment options for antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms are quite limited. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are needed to control infectious diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is one of the new treatment modalities proposed for a wide variety of infections. In the basic principle of aPDT, photosensitizers (PS) produce free radicals by irradiating them with harmless light at the appropriate wavelength, and this causes microorganism cell cytotoxicity. In this study, light emitting diodes (LED) (630-700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm(2)) were used on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) at different light doses under the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of SubPc and SubPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (SubPc-TiO2) concentration. Both compounds show good phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16, 24 J/cm(2)) were applied. In addition, SubPc-TiO2 were found to be more effective than SubPc in aPDT of S. aureus. In E. coli, the success of aPDT has been shown to be dependent on the increased light dose (20, 30 J/cm(2) ) for both compounds. As a result, the aPDT activity of SubPc-TiO2 is more effective than SubPc in increasing light doses.