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    Chitosan films plasticized with choline-based deep eutectic solvents: UV shielding, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Yu, Jiahao; Xu, Shanlin; Goksen, Gulden; Yi, Caifu; Shao, Ping
    Deep eutectic solvents (DES) as plasticizers of chitosan film show great potential for food packaging. This paper introduced some novel antioxidant and antibacterial films based on chitosan and DES consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) and organic acids. The effects of the composition and contents of choline-based DES on struc-tures, mechanical properties, thermal stability, contact angle, optical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chitosan films were studied. FTIR analysis showed that choline-based DES did exist in the chitosan film with good polymer matrix compatibility. Most of the films exhibited uniform, flat surfaces and cross sections. The Young's modulus of the films decreased inversely to the level of choline-based DES, and maximal mechanical charac-teristics were achieved for films plasticized with ChCl and acetylsalicylic acid. The addition of choline-based DES apparently reduced water contact angles, decreased the decomposition temperature and the thermal stability of chitosan films. In terms of antioxidant capacities and ultraviolet (UV) shielding, chitosan films plasticized with choline-based DES containing acetylsalicylic acid and vitamin C had strong UV shielding and antioxidant properties. Chitosan films plasticized with choline-based DES containing acetylsalicylic acid, malonic acid and lactic acid showed excellent antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, the chitosan film with the choline-based DES, especially for ChCl and acetylsalicylic acid showed a good application prospect in food active packaging.
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    High-sensitivity intelligent packaging films harnessing rose anthocyanins and hydrophilic silica aerogel for visual food freshness monitoring
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2024) Wu, Wenjun; Zheng, Luman; Yu, Jiahao; Liu, Liming; Goksen, Gulden; Shao, Ping
    The enhancement of the sensitivity for anthocyanin-based indicator films in food freshness monitoring in real time is important for application. In this study, hydrophilic silica aerogel (SiO2NA) was incorporated into corn starch (CS)/chitosan (CH)/rose anthocyanins (RACNs)-encapsulated potato amylopectin nanoparticles (APNPs) composite film to increase the sensitivity for shrimp freshness detection. The microstructure of films revealed that the gas absorption capacity was improved by amorphous SiO2NA via hydrogen interactions. The pore size (1.74-5.60 times), pore volume (3.92-5.60 times), and specific surface area (2.21-2.34 times) of films increased with the addition of SiO2NA. The sensing of NH3 and pH and the reversibility of films were also reinforced. Meanwhile, the pH-responsive films containing SiO2NA changed visibly in color from purple-red to orange-gray and finally to gray, enabling effective monitoring of shrimp freshness during storage at 4 degrees C. Thus, anthocyanin-based indicator films with improved sensitivity by adding SiO2NA were successfully designed for monitoring shrimp freshness.
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    Mucilage polysaccharide as a plant secretion: Potential trends in food and biomedical applications
    (Elsevier, 2023) Goksen, Gulden; Demir, Didem; Dhama, Kuldeep; Kumar, Manoj; Shao, Ping; Xie, Fengwei; Echegaray, Noemi
    Current trends are shifting away from using synthetic compounds in favor of discovering new natural component sources that will allow them to create goods that are healthful, environmentally friendly, sustainable, and profitable. The food industry, in light of these trends, has opted to look for safe natural ingredients that will allow the production of low-fat, artificial-additive-free, gluten-free, prebiotic, and fortified foods. Similarly, the pharmaceutical and medical industries have attempted to apply natural ingredients to address the challenges related to biomaterials more efficiently than synthetic ingredients. Against this background, plant mucilage has proven to be a polysaccharide with excellent health features and technological properties, useful for both food and biomedical applications. Many studies have shown that its inclusion in different food matrices improves the quality of the products obtained under appropriate reformulations. At the same time, plant mucilage has been indicated to be a very interesting matrix in biomedical field especially tissue engineering applications since it has been emerged to favor tissue regeneration with its highly biocompatible structure. This concise review discusses the most recent advances of the applications of plant mucilage in different foods as well as its recent use in biomedical field. In this context, firstly, a general definition of mucilage was made and information about plantbased mucilage, which is frequently used, about the plant parts they are found in, their content and how they are obtained are presented. Then, the use of mucilage in the food industry including bakery products, meat emulsions, fermented dairy products, ice cream, and other foods is presented with case studies. Afterwards, the use of plant mucilage in the biomedical field, which has attracted attention in recent years, especially in applications with tissue engineering approach such as scaffolds for tissue regeneration, wound dressings, drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical industry was evaluated.
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    Multibranched flower-like ZnO anchored on pectin/cellulose nanofiber aerogel skeleton for enhanced comprehensive antibacterial capabilities
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Wu, Weina; Zhou, Ying; Pan, Jiefeng; Wu, Yingying; Goksen, Gulden; Shao, Ping
    In this study, F-ZnO NPs were used as antibacterial agents, mussel bionic dopamine exerted its adhesive action to immobilize F-ZnO NPs on the pectin/CNF aerogel skeleton. Fruit and vegetable antimicrobial mats with safety, long duration of action and high efficiency were prepared and its potential application has been investigated. The results showed that a dopamine layer was deposited on the surface of the CNF, which promoted the tight adhesion of the F-ZnO NPs to the aerogel skeleton. The F-ZnO@D-CNF aerogel exhibited a slow release of zinc ions, with the first two days being 0.40 +/- 0.16 and 1.01 +/- 0.13 mg/mL. The aerogel was light, can stand on the petals without collapsing, has regular and uniform pore structure, good tensile/compressive properties and high antibacterial/anti-fungal properties. Strawberries packaged with F-ZnO@D-CNF aerogel exhibited an extended shelf life of 5 days. Additionally, the strawberries maintained a soluble solid content of 6.9 +/- 0.82 % and a Vc content of 44.67 +/- 3.51 mg/100 g. The weight loss, color and firmness were also notably superior to the other four groups. The final concentration of zinc ions in strawberries was 3.71 +/- 0.28 mu g/g, which is far below the recommended dietary intake.
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    Multidimensional (0D-3D) nanofillers: Fascinating materials in the field of bio-based food active packaging
    (Elsevier, 2022) Wu, Weina; Liu, Liming; Goksen, Gulden; Demir, Didem; Shao, Ping
    Nanoscience paves the new way for the development of bio-based food packaging. Recently, research on bionanocomposite packaging has gained momentum, driven by consumers' pursuits of food quality and the reduction of resource waste. This is mainly attributable to its excellent biogradability, non-toxicity, consumer friendliness and its potential for functional properties that contribute to extending the shelf life of foods. Bionanocomposite packaging materials can be prepared by incorporating nano-sized additives into biopolymeric matrices. The review investigates how dimensional qualities of nanofillers affect functional properties, rather than just the biopolymer matrix as a whole. The features of various nanofillers were first introduced in this review. As a result, the functional variations amongst nanofillers of different dimensions were emphasized. After that, some concrete applications, the main obstacles and solutions were discussed in detail. Finally, a clear perspective and prospect for the future manufacturing and research directions of biological nanocomposites prepared for active packaging were presented.
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    Multifunctional pectin films based on mussel-inspired modified 2D Ag nanosheets for long-lasting antibacterial and enhanced barrier properties
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Zhou, Ying; Wu, Weina; Wang, Lixia; Goksen, Gulden; Shao, Ping
    Two-dimensional (2D) silver (Ag) nanosheets are ideal fillers to improve the barrier and antimicrobial properties of bio-based nanocomposite films for food packaging due to their high aspect ratio features and superior bactericidal activity. However, the nano-Ag directly added to the matrix is prone to aggregation, which will weaken its effect. In this study, Ag nanosheets were surface non-covalently functionalized with polydopamine (PDA) formed by dopamine oxidative self-polymerization. The PDA modification improved the dispersibility and biocompatibility of the nanosheets in pectin matrixes and immobilized them, delaying their release rate. The potential of the prepared pectin-based nanocomposite film in food packaging was investigated. Results showed that the composite film containing PDA-modified Ag nanosheets (PDA@Ag) had superior UV resistance and mechanical properties, a more hydrophobic surface with a water contact angle close to 90 degrees. Compared with pure pectin film, the barrier capacity of the film to both water vapor and oxygen was significantly improved. It also exhibited excellent bactericidal efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus. When applied to Agaricus bisporus, the film effectively protected them from UV light, oxygen and microorganisms, thus delaying browning and spoilage, maintaining their texture, color and nutrients, and extended their freshness period up to 6 days.
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    New insights of active and smart natural-based electrospun mats for food safety in meat and meat products
    (Elsevier, 2024) Goksen, Gulden; Demir, Didem; Echegaray, Noemi; Bangar, Sneh Punia; Cruz, Adriano Gomes da; Shao, Ping; Lin, Yang
    In the realm of preserving highly perishable foods like meat and meat products, packaging serves as an effective strategy to combat deterioration and reduce food waste. However, the environmental impact of traditional packaging has prompted a continuous search for new materials and processes in food packaging production. In this context, electrospinning emerges as a method capable of producing environmentally friendly packaging by creating electrospun mats from natural biodegradable materials such as proteins and polysaccharides, thus avoiding the generation of persistent waste. Nevertheless, the utilization of these natural substances for electrospun mat production could result in packaging with unique attributes that require careful consideration for application in the meat industry. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the utilization of natural electrospun nanofibers in packaging development, with a particular focus on active and intelligent packaging for preserving meat and meat products. The electrospinning technology has shown its potential in the development of active packaging by leveraging the properties of the produced nanofibers. These nanofibers can efficiently encapsulate specific molecules (e. g., antioxidants and antimicrobials) within the polymeric matrix, allowing for a controlled release mechanism that helps manage microbial proliferation and oxidation reactions in meat and meat products. Additionally, electrospun mats have also proven to be useful in the development of intelligent packaging for meat. However, despite these advantages, challenges such as scalability in manufacturing and regulatory frameworks still exist, underscoring the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to address these issues and optimize the effectiveness of natural electrospun nanofibers in revolutionizing meat packaging.