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    Anxiety effects on quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak: A parallel-serial mediation model among nurses in Turkey
    (Ios Press, 2021) Potas, Nihan; Kocturk, Nilufer; Toygar, Sukru Anil
    BACKGROUND: Nurses experience loneliness, anxiety, fear, fatigue, sleep disorders, and other physical and mental health problems due to their close contact with patients in cases of epidemic diseases. Among nurses in Turkey, we want to explore how anxiety, psychological health, and social isolation affect nurses' quality of life. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life (COVID-19 EQLS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1 and STAI-2), psychological health, and social isolation among nurses. It also aimed to identify whether the influence of trait anxiety, psychological health, and social isolation are stronger than the direct influence of state anxiety on nurses' quality of life during the pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design and STROBE guidelines were implemented. In this study, 638 nurses in Turkey were included using simple random sampling. The participants completed the STAI-1 and STAI-2 and COVID-19 EQLS online-form. The parallel-serial mediation model was used to examine the relationships between the determined variables. RESULTS: Psychological health, psychological effects of social isolation, and trait anxiety fully mediated the relationship between state anxiety and quality of life of nurses. The total indirect effect of the confidence interval of bootstrapping was statistically different from zero. CONCLUSIONS: Trait anxiety, psychological health, and social isolation were the main factors with statistically significant indirect effects on the quality of life of Turkish nurses in this study.
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    MODELING OF ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES IN TURKEY: THE COUNT DATA MODELS WITH A POISSON DISTRIBUTION
    (Dilaver TENGİLİMOĞLU, 2021) Toygar, Şükrü Anıl; Potas, Nihan
    In simple terms, access refers to people's ability to obtain and use quality health care technologies when they need. In this study, data collected by TurksStat, Turkish Statistical Institute, through Turkey Health Survey which was applied across the country was analyzed. This survey was carried out every two years, for the first time in 2008 and the last time in 2016. The aim of this study is to examine the level of access to health services in terms of some socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, education, health status and income in Turkey between the years 2008-2016. The results obtained with the analysis show that all variables differ according to years and they are statistically significant. According to the analysis conducted as part of the study, it was concluded that, in Turkey, the status of income and health insurance do not constitute a risk factor on the access to health services. It is thought that the presence of a social security system involving the whole country has an effect on this result. Considering from this point of view, in countries that do not have a strong social security system, out-of-pocket health spending and private health insurance increase the inequalities among the social segments. Therefore, private health insurances and income systems to reduce dependence on out-of-pocket health spending should be developed, and access to health services should not be an indicator of income. In this respect, more research is needed in which access to health services is evaluated from all aspects.