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    6-24 Ay Bebeği Olan Annelerin Ek Besin Tercihlerinde Sosyal Medya Kullanma Durumları ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi
    (2021) Karakul, Atiye; Doğan, Pınar
    Son yıllarda teknolojinin kullanımının giderek\rartması ile birlikte sosyal medya platformlarının\rkullanımı da artmıştır. Bu çalışma, 6-24 ay bebeği\rolan annelerin ek besin tercihlerinde sosyal medya\rkullanma durumları ve etkileyen faktörlerin\rbelirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır.\rAraştırma örneklemini, Ekim 2020-Ocak 2021\rtarihleri arasında 6-24 ay arasında bebeği olan 193\ranne oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında\rAnne/Bebek Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Ek Besin\rTercihinde Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Soru Formu ve\rSosyal Medya Kullanım Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.\rÇalışmaya katılan annelerin yaş ortalaması\r29,46±4,62’dir. Annelerin en çok %64,2’sinin ek\rbesin türlerini, %59,1’inin ek besin hazırlarken dikkat\redilecek durumlar, %64,2’sinin bir yaşından önce ve\rsonra verilebilecek ek besinleri araştırdığı\rsaptanmıştır. Annelerin sosyal medya kullanma\rölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalaması 32,41±11,65’dir\r(min.10, maks.57). Annelerin yaşı, sosyal medya\rkullanma durumu, ek besinle ilgili internette yer alan\rbilgilerin doğru olduğuna inanma, internetten\röğrenilen bilgileri ek besin hazırlarken tercih etme ile\rsosyal medya kullanma ölçeğinde aldıkları puan\rortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir\rfarklılık olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Çalışmanın\rsonucunda annelerin ek besin tercihlerinde sosyal\rmedya kullandıkları belirlenmiştir.\rAnahtar Kelimeler: Anne, Ek besin, Sosyal medya
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    A comparison of watching cartoons versus playing games as a distraction method on pain and fear of pain during peripheral intravenous cannula placement in children aged 6-9 years: A randomized experimental study
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2025) Uysal, Derya Akdeniz; Polat, Ozlem Guzel; Ugucu, Guzide; Karakul, Atiye; Olcay, Ayse Zisan; Tuzun, Ozlem; Yigit, Rana
    Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of watching cartoons and playing games as a distraction method during peripheral intravenous cannula insertion on pain and fear of pain in children aged 6-9 years. Design & methods: This RCTwith a parallel-group randomized experimental design was conducted between May and July 2024 in the pediatric unit of a university hospital with a tertiary referral centre. Sixty-eight children aged 6-9 years were assigned to two different groups using block randomization method (Cartoon Group = CG; n = 34, Gaming Group = GG; n = 34). The Wong-Bakers FACES (R) Pain Rating Scale and Children's Fear Scale were used for data collection. The children's pain and fear of pain were evaluated 2 min before, during and 2 min after the procedure. Results: The mean age of the children (N = 64) was 7.41 +/- 1.71 years (min-max = 6-9). Pain scores of GG (n = 32) were higher than CG (n = 32) (MD = 1.46; SE = 0.35; p <0.001; %95 CI = 0.76-2.15). During the procedure, fear of pain scores of GG were higher than CG (MD = 0.78; SE = 0.32; p = 0.018; %95 CI = 0.13- 1.42). Conclusion: This study revealed that watching cartoons reduced the pain score by approximately 1.5 units and the fear of pain score by approximately 1 unit compared to playing online games during peripheral intravenous cannula placement in children aged 6-9 years. Practice implication: In children aged 6-9 years planned to undergo peripheral intravenous cannula placement, watching a cartoon, one of the distraction techniques, can be recommended to effectively reduce pain and fear of pain. Tablets that allow watching cartoons and films, which are widely used and accessible in the clinical field, can facilitate the use of distraction techniques. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
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    Adölesanlarda Sağlık Algısı ile Duygusal Yeme Davranışı Arasındaki İlişki
    (2024) İncesu, Olga; Sönmez Düzkaya, Duygu; Karakul, Atiye
    Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, adölesanlarda sağlık algısının duygusal yeme davranışı ilişkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 413 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturdu. Veriler 1-31 Mart 2023 tarihlerinde Demografik Bilgi Formu, Çocuk ve Adölesanlar için Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği ve Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, korelasyon, ANOVA, Indepent T Test ve lineer regresyon analizi (stepwise method) kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan ortaokul öğrencilerinin yaş ortalaması 12.81 ± 0.89 ve %52.3’ü kız idi. Öğrencilerin Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 56.20 ± 19.55 ve Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 44.29 ± 7.7’dir. Öğrencilerin duygusal yeme algılarının düşük ve sağlık algısının ortalamanın altında olduğu görüldü. Duygusal yeme ve sağlık algısı arasında ilişki saptanmadı. Öğrencilerin sağlık algısının ebeveynlerin sağlık durumu, babanın okuryazarlık durumu ile ilişkili olduğu, duygusal yemek yeme davranışının ise ailenin gelir düzeyi ve sosyal güvencesiyle ilişkili olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Muhtemel yeme bozukluklarının erken tespit edilebilmesi için okul hemşireleri ya da halk sağlığı hemşireleri tarafından adölesanların düzenli olarak gelişimlerinin izlenmesi, beslenme alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi ve adölesanlara ve ailelerine sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin eğitim verilmesi önerilmektedir.
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    Annelerin Bebeklerinin İnfantil Koliği ile İlgili Deneyimleri
    (2022) Özgüven Öztornacı, Beste; Doğan, Pınar; Karakul, Atiye; Ardahan Akgül, Esra; Doğan, Zehra; Yıldırım Sarı, Hatice; Baran, Masallah
    Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı infantil koliği olan bebeklerin annelerinin deneyimlerinin incelenmesi ile infantil kolik etiyolojisi, annenin bebeğinde görülen infantil koliği ortadan kaldırmak için uygulanan girişimler ve etkileri konusunda bilgi sahibi olunmasıdır. Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte, kesitsel olarak yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin sağlıklı çocuk polikliniğine bebeğini muayeneye getiren, 0-6 aylık infantil kolik bebeği olan, gönüllü olarak araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 140 anne ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri Anne Bebek Bilgi Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Annelerin %65’i (n=91) emzirme döneminde bazı besinlerden kaçındığını, besinden kaçınma davranışı sonrası bebeklerin %56,7’sinin (n=51) kolik ağrılarında azalma olduğu saptanmıştır. Annelerin %71,1'inin (n=101) kolik tedavisi için bebeklerine farmakolojik bir yöntem uyguladığı, en çok kullandığı ilaç türünün simeticon olduğu (%39,6, n=40) görülmüştür. Annelerin %88,6'sının (n=124) kolik tedavisi için bebeklerine non-farmakolojik bir yöntem uyguladığı, en çok kullandığı non-farmakolojik yöntemin masaj uygulaması olduğu (%45,2 n=56) görülmüştür. Çalışmaya katılan annelerin koliğin azaltılması amacıyla kullandıkları non-farmakolojik yöntemler ile bu yöntemlerin etkinliği arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildiğinde, bebeklerine masaj uygulayan anneler, uygulama sonrasında bebeklerinin durumunda değişiklik olduğunu bildirmişlerdir (χ2=7,513; p=,023). Sonuç: İnfantil kolik tedavisinde annelerin büyük çoğunluğunun tıbbi ve tamamlayıcı tedavileri birlikte kullandığı ve tamamlayıcı tedavilerden yararlanan annelerin oranının medikal tedaviye göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
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    Comparison of the Parenting Attitudes of the Parents of the Children with and without Intellectual Disability in Preschool Period
    (İzmir Demokrasi Üniversitesi, 2023) Akgül, Esra Ardahan; Doğan, Pınar; Karakul, Atiye; Özdemir, Vahide; Öztornacı, Beste Özgüven; Sarı, Hatice Yıldırım
    Introduction: Child-rearing attitudes of parents have great importance in developing a positive personality structure. Positive child-rearing attitudes contribute to children being beneficial individuals. This study aims to determine and compare the factors affecting the parenting attitudes of the parents of children with and without intellectual disability. Methods: This study was planned with a descriptive design. The data were collected from the mothers of the children using the Parenting Attitude Scale. Results: In the comparison of the parenting attitudes of the mothers of the children with and without intellectual disability, there was a statistically significant difference between the Permissive Attitude subscale scores of the mothers. Discussion: Pediatric nurses know about the different parenting attitudes that may change based on family characteristics will be important in evaluating children and their families.
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    Determining the Difficulties of Parents with Children in Home Care Who Were Discharged from Intensive Care
    (Galenos Publ House, 2024) Bozkurt, Gulcin; Duzkaya, Duygu Sonmez; Uysal, Gulzade; Yakut, Tulay; Karakul, Atiye
    Introduction: This study was performed to determine the difficulties experienced by parents with children in home care who were discharged from intensive care. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative method was used to determine the difficulties experienced by the parents. The sample of the study consisted of parents (n=22) whose children met the inclusion criteria and needed home care. The data were analyzed in the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program in accordance with Colaizzi's seven-stage method. Results: The average age of the children in the study group was 85.63 +/- 58.40 months. 56.7% of them were male. 40% of the children were followed up with a diagnosis of neurological disease. All children discharged from the intensive care unit had tracheostomy. 95.4% of them used home-type mechanical ventilators, and 95.3% were fed enterally. In line with the data obtained from the interviews of the parents, it was determined that there were difficulties in terms of feelings about discharge, physical conditions for home care, family relationship, social relationship, difficulty in physical care, inadequacy in support systems and financial status. Conclusion: The home care of children, who are dependent on medical technology and discharged from intensive care, is mostly performed by their families. Children dependent on medical technology should be supported by home care personnel to avoid potential risks.
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    Determining the Knowledge Level of Parents Relating to Circumcision
    (Galenos Publ House, 2021) Didisen, Nurdan Akcay; Karakul, Atiye; Ozdemir, Hamide Nur Cevik
    Aim: This study was conducted to determine the knowledge level and opinions of parents regarding circumcision. Materials and Methods: This descriptive style study was conducted with 258 individuals who were the parents of male patients being treated in the pediatric surgery department of a university hospital. The data of the study were collected through a questionnaire which was designed in line with the literature and given through a face-to-face interviewing method. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics with the SPSS 21.0 package program for Windows. Results: A total of 84.9% of the parents were the mothers of the children. A total of 70.2% of the parents stated that they had had their child circumcised by a physician in a hospital setting. Regarding the purpose of circumcision, a total of 27.5% of the parents stated medical and emergency requirements while 25.6% of them stated cultural factors. A total of 23.3% of the parents stated that their children did not want to be circumcised while 57.4% stated that they had made decision to circumcise together with their spouse. A total of 54.3% of the parents mentioned that their children experienced pain after circumcision. It was determined that the parents had a moderate level of knowledge regarding the benefits of circumcision, however, most of them had no idea about the practices of circumcision. Conclusion: Parents emphasized the cultural and medical factors as being the most important factors in the decision to circumcise their child. Parents have a lack of knowledge of circumcision practice, its benefits, and post-circumcision care. Training with the aim of increasing the knowledge of parents regarding circumcision should be planned. Qualitative and quantitative studies on the subject are recommended to be conducted in different regions and with large populations.
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    Effect of short film video and video-based education on fear, pain, and satisfaction of children undergoing day surgery
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Bozkul, Gamze; Karakul, Atiye; Duzkaya, Duygu Sonmez; Dilsen, Sahika
    Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of introducing the operating room environment with different informative multimedia methods to pediatric patients aged 7-12 in the preoperative period in day surgery on fear, pain, and patient satisfaction in three different groups comparatively.Design and methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The sample of children was allocated to the Short Film Group (n:30), Video Based Education Group (n:30) and Control Group (n:30). Fear, pain, and satisfaction were measured.Results: The age distribution of the children in the study was 7.57 +/- 1.25 years in the short film group, 7.27 +/- 0.52 years in the video-based education group, and 7.57 +/- 2.27 years in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic status, fear, and vital signs before the procedure. Fear, pain, and satisfaction levels of children in short film groups were lower than video-based education groups.Conclusion: The result of this research reveals that preoperative short film education in children is more effective than video-based education in reducing fear, pain, and satisfaction levels. This intervention could be an effective method to improve outcomes. Nurses can increase children's comfort by using educational programs that attract children's attention.Practice implications: Healthcare team members working in pediatric surgical units can use the short film method, which is effective, easy, and applicable in the field, to reduce pain and fear in the preoperative period and increase satisfaction in children undergoing day surgery.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of using a kaleidoscope projector and matching cards on fear and vital signs in children aged 3-6 years receiving inhaled medication
    (Wiley, 2025) Korkmaz, Burcu; Karakul, Atiye; Duzkaya, Duygu Sonmez
    AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of projector kaleidoscope and matching card on children's fear and physiological parameters in children aged 3-6 years receiving inhaled medication.MethodsThis randomised controlled study was conducted with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The sample of children was allocated to the projector kaleidoscope group (n = 38), matching card group (n = 38) and control group (n = 38). Fear and vital signs were measured.ResultsIn the study, the mean age of the children in the projector kaleidoscope group was 4.39 +/- 1.10, the mean age of the children in the matching card group was 4.34 +/- 0.96 and the mean age of the children in the control group was 4.28 +/- 1.18. There was a statistically significant difference between the post-test scores of the Children's Fear Scale in the evaluation of parents and nurses according to the groups of children. There was a statistically significant difference between the respiratory post-test scores according to the groups of children. It was observed that the mean heart rate of the control group participants was higher than that of the children in the matching card group. There were no statistically significant differences in the post-test saturation values among the groups of children.ConclusionIt was observed that the projector kaleidoscope and matching card reduced fear and prevented increased respiratory rate in children receiving inhaler medication. In addition, it was determined that matching card had more effect on heart and respiratory rate than projector kaleidoscope.
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    EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUALIZED EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION ON CHILDREN WITH BETA-THALASSEMIA MAJOR: A MIXED-METHOD STUDY
    (İzmir Demokrasi Üniversitesi, 2022) Karakul, Atiye; Şenol, Selmin
    Bu çalışmada, Beta Talasemi Majörlü 12-18 yaş çocukların hastalık süreci ile ilgili gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu gereksinimlere yönelik verilen bireyselleştirilmiş güçlendirme eğitiminin etkinliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma karma tipte bir çalışmadır. İlk aşamada BTM'li çocukların hastalık süreci ile ilgili sorunlarının ve ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmış olup, fenomenolojik yöntem kullanılmıştır. İkinci aşamada, tek grupta ön/son test kontrollü yarı deneysel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında, "Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu", "Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu" ve “Beta Talasemi Majörlü Çocukların Gereksinimlerini Belirleme Soru Formu” kullanılmıştır. İlk aşamada: tedavi süreci, aile süreci ve sosyal yaşam olmak üzere üç tema oluşturulmuştur. Çocuklar eritrosit transfüzyonu öncesi yorgunluk, baş ağrısı, halsizlik gibi sağlık sorunları yaşadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca çocuklar hastalıkla ilgili damgalanma nedeniyle kendilerini mutsuz, üzgün ve öfkeli hissettiklerini ifade etmiştir. Güçlendirme eğitiminin etkinliğinin değerlendirildiği ikinci aşamada ise güçlendirme eğitimi ön test, birinci son test ve ikinci son test toplam puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur(X 2 =26.00, p<.001). Yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda, bireyseeştirilmiş güçlendirme eğitiminin çocukların hastalık bilgisi, tedavi süreci, anne/baba ilişkisi ve sosyal hayata yönelik gereksinimleri üzerine olumlu etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
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    Effectiveness of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on pain level and vital signs in children with burns: a randomized controlled trial
    (Churchill Livingstone, 2021) Akgul, Esra Ardahan; Karakul, Atiye; Altin, Asiye; Dogan, Pinar; Hosgor, Munevver; Oral, Akgun
    Background: Burns are a source of pain, which cannot be fully treated with medications. Objectives: This study aims is to test the effectiveness of lavender oil inhalation aromatherapy applied before dressing change on vital signs and pain levels of children with burns. Design: This randomized controlled study was held between May 2018 and May 2019. A total of 108 children who met the inclusion criteria were studied in three groups: Lavender-15 Group inhaled lavender oil for 15 min before dressing (n:36), Lavender-60 Group inhaled lavender oil for 60 min before dressing (n:36), and Control Group inhaled jojoba (placebo) oil for 15 min before dressing (n:36). Baseline pain levels and vital signs of the children were measured before inhalation. Pain levels and vital signs of the children were re-measured at the 1st and 30th minutes after dressing. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of pain levels (p = 0.750) and vital signs before dressing. In post-dressing measurements, the number of respiration (after 1 min p = 0.000, after 30 min p = 0.000), heart rate (after 1 min p = 0.000, after 30 min p = 0.000), mean arterial blood pressure (after 1 min p = 0.010, after 30 min p = 0.000) and pain levels (after 1 min p = 0.000, after 30 min p = 0.000) were lower in the Lavender groups compared to the placebo group. Discussion: The result of this research reveals that inhalation aromatherapy which applied before dressing in children with burns affects the reduction of pain levels and stabilization of vital signs.
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    Effectiveness of music during cardiac catheterization on children's pain, fear, anxiety and vital signs: A randomized, blind controlled trial
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Karakul, Atiye; Akgul, Esra Ardahan; Yaliniz, Reyhan; Mese, Timur
    Purpose: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of music during pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure on children's pain, fear, anxiety and vital signs. Design and methods: This randomized, blind controlled study was conducted with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The sample of children was allocated to the Control Group, the Classic Music Group, and the Self-Selected Group. Pain, fear, and anxiety levels were measured before and after the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure. Vital signs were measured before, during, and after the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic status, pain, fear, or anxiety levels and vital signs before the procedure. In post pediatric cardiac catheterization measurement in the recovery phase, pain, fear levels, anxiety levels, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of children in the musical intervention groups were lower than the control group. No statistical difference was found in terms of pain, fear and anxiety levels of the children in groups Classic and Self-Selected. Conclusion and practice implications: The result of this research reveals that musical intervention applied during the pediatric cardiac catheterization procedure in children affects the reduction of pain, fear and anxiety levels and stabilization of vital signs. This intervention could be an effective nonpharmacological method to improve outcomes. Nurses can improve children's comfort by using musical interventions. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of ShotBlocker® and the Helfer skin tap technique on pain and fear experienced during intramuscular injection among children aged 6-12 years in pediatric emergency units: A randomized controlled trial
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Duzkaya, Duygu Sonmez; Karakul, Atiye; Akoy, Iremrem; Andi, Senem
    Background: In pediatric emergency units, intramuscular injection is one of the most common procedures that cause pain and fear in children. Reducing pain and fear is important for patient comfort. Objective: This randomized controlled experimental study aimed to determine the effects of ShotBlocker (R) (R) and the Helfer skin tap technique on the pain and fear experienced by children aged 6-12 years during intramuscular injection in pediatric emergency units. Methods: This study was conducted from April 2022 to October 2023 among 177 children aged 6-12 years. ShotBlocker and the Helfer skin tap technique were applied during intramuscular injection among children in the intervention groups (ShotBlocker group: n = 59, Helfer skin tap technique group: n = 59), while children in the control group received routine injections. (n = 59). The levels of pain and fear were measured. Results: In the analysis of the age distribution of the children, the average age of the Helfer skin tap technique group was found to be 8.54 +/- 2.00 years; ShotBlocker group, 8.46 +/- 1.99 years; and control group, 9.19 +/- 2.01 years. There was a significant difference in the post-intervention Wong-Baker Pain Scale and Child Fear Scale scores based on the evaluation of the children, parents, and observer nurses between the groups (p < 0.05). The pain and fear scores of the ShotBlocker group were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: ShotBlocker is more effective in reducing pain than the Helfer skin tap technique among children receiving intramuscular injection. These cheap and easy-to-use methods are recommended for use in emergency units.
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    Effects of the Helfer skin tap technique and Buzzy® application on the levels of pain and fear experienced by children during vaccination: A randomized controlled trial
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Duzkaya, Duygu Sonmez; Uysal, Gulzade; Siktas, Ozge; Karakul, Atiye; Acikgoz, Ayfer
    Purpose: Vaccination is an invasive procedure that causes pain. Uncontrolled pain negatively affects all aspects of life, including health. This study aimed to determine the effects of the Helfer skin tap technique and Buzzy (R) application on the levels of pain and fear experienced by 4-year-old children during measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination. Methods: This study adopted a randomized controlled experimental design. The study sample consisted of 96 children (Helfer skin tap technique group: n = 32, Buzzy (R) group: n = 32, control group: n = 32) who received MMR vaccination. Children in the Buzzy (R) and Helfer skin tap technique groups received their respective interventions before and after vaccine injection, while children in the control group received routine vaccine injection. Results: Based on the parents' and nurse's observations, the pain and fear scores after vaccine injection were lowest in the Buzzy (R) group and highest in the control group. Based on the children's assessments, the pain scores after vaccine injection were lower in the Buzzy (R) group than in the Helfer skin tap technique group. Conclusion: Buzzy (R) application and the Helfer skin tap technique have beneficial effects on children's pain and fear during MMR vaccination. Buzzy (R) application is more effective in reducing pain and fear during vaccine injection in children than the Helfer skin tap technique.
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    Emotions and difficulties experienced by parents of children with autism: A qualitative study
    (Wiley, 2024) Uysal, Gulzade; Karakul, Atiye; Duzkaya, Duygu Sonmez
    RationaleThis study was performed to determine the difficulties experienced by the parents of children with autism.MethodsA qualitative method was used to determine the difficulties experienced by the parents. The sample of the study consisted of parents with 24 children with autism who met the inclusion criteria. The data were analysed by the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis programme in accordance with Colaizzi's seven-stage method.ResultsTotal of 5 themes and 29 codes were gathered in line with the data obtained from the interviews. Five main themes of the interviews emerged; emotions experienced by parents; adaptation to family life; difficulty in social relationships; limited opportunity for entertainment/activity and financial difficulty. Parents whose income were less than or equal to their expenses particularly stated that they had economic difficulties in the transportation of their children to places such as hospitals/schools/special education.ConclusionIn accordance with the findings of this study, it was determined that almost all of the parents with a child diagnosed with autism experienced sadness, denial, shock, depression, self-blame in the period when their children were first diagnosed, and later accepted the disease. In addition, it was detected that parents had difficulties in family relations, social relations, entertainment/activity and economic aspects.
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    Evaluation of Pediatric Nurses' Metaphor Perceptions Regarding Their Own Professions
    (Dokuz Eylul University, 2022) Karakul, Atiye; Doğan, Pinar; Öztornaci, Beste Özgüven
    Background: Metaphors make it easier to understand or explain a concept. The use of metaphor-oriented studies in nursing makes it easier to understand how the profession is perceived by nurses and to analyze the profession better. Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal the perceptions of pediatric nurses about their profession through metaphors. Methods: The study was conducted using the phenomenology approach, which is one of the qualitative research approaches. The sample of the study consisted of 163 nurses working in pediatric services in Turkey. Research data were collected online via Google Form between 6 July-1 September 2020.The data collection form used to collect the data consists of two parts with the metaphor sentence “Pediatric nurse is like… because…”, which includes introductory information of the participants and how they perceive pediatric nursing. "Content analysis technique" was used in the evaluation of the data obtained. Results: The mean age of the nurses participating in the study was 30.81±7.16 (minimum: 21, maximum: 55). A total of 51 different metaphors were obtained from pediatric nurses. The metaphors obtained were divided into three categories as positive, negative and both positive and negative. 23 metaphors (45%) produced in the positive category; There are 14 metaphors produced in the negative category (27,5%) and 14 metaphors in both positive and negative categories (27,5%). It was determined that the statements of 10 participants about pediatric nursing were not metaphors. When the reasons for the metaphors are examined; It has been determined that metaphors in the positive category are generally perceived as mother, father, aunt and justified the caregiving aspect of pediatric nursing. The metaphors in the negative category were found to be reasons for excessive additional workloads, working hours, and conditions. The reasons for the metaphors in both positive, and negative categories were determined to be related to the positive feelings of working with children, although the working conditions of pediatric nursing were tiring and weary. Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that the majority of pediatric nurses produced metaphors in the positive category. It can be suggested to determine the professional expectations of pediatric nurses, and improve working conditions in order to increase their professional motivation. © 2022, Dokuz Eylul University. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluatıon Of The Effıcıency Of Internet Addıctıon Educatıon Gıven To Secondary School
    (Bingol University, 2024) Yeşilyurt, Pelin Zıvdır; Gök, Büşra; Söyler, Sait; Toker, Eylem; Karakul, Atiye
    This study aims to examine the effectiveness of internet addiction education given to secondary school students. This research was carried out in the pretest-posttest control group design and the sample of the research consists of 90 secondary school students studying in a district of Mersin. 'Descriptive Characteristics Form and Internet Addiction Scale' were used to collect data. Students were given education on internet addiction, and questionnaires were applied before and four months after the education. While the mean of daily internet use time measured with the pretest was 120.55±134.11 in the education group, the mean time of daily internet use measured by the posttest was 66.87±66.91 minutes. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the education group in terms of the sub-dimensions of the internet addiction scale and the overall scale score before and after the education (p0.05). The questionnaire applied after the education showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the education and control groups in terms of negative social relations (p
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    Examination of Postgraduate Thesis on the Effect of Massage Applied in the Postoperative Period on Pain
    (Cem TIRINK, 2023) Bozkul, Gamze; Karakul, Atiye
    This study, it was aimed to examine the quality and quantity of postgraduate theses on the effect of massage applied in the postoperative period on pain. The literature search was conducted on 5-10 March 2022 in the National Thesis Center database of the Council of Higher Education without any year limitation. The keywords "surgery", "massage" and "pain" were used while scanning. Theses that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The theses reached were evaluated according to their titles, and the theses that were not related to the subject were removed. In the search, 18 theses were reached. The five theses reached were excluded from the study because they were not related to the subject. Of the remaining 13 studies, two were excluded because they were specializations in medicine, one was physiotherapy and rehabilitation, and one was family medicine. Since the full text of one of the theses could not be reached, it was excluded from the study. Eight theses from the master's and doctoral theses in the field of nursing, which are suitable for the inclusion criteria, were examined in order to make the selection. Three of the theses were master's theses, and the remaining five studies were carried out as doctoral theses. The time of publication of theses varies between 2009-2019. When the types of these are examined, three studies are quasi-experimental, four studies are randomized controlled studies, and one study is a study with a pretest-posttest control group study. The research group of one of the theses consists of pediatric patients. Various types of massage were compared in the studies evaluated. It has been seen that hand massage and foot massage are mostly used. It has been concluded that hand massage or foot massage applied in the postoperative period is effective to reduce pain. In line with these results, it is recommended to use massage, which is one of the nonpharmacological methods, in pediatric and adult patients to reduce pain in the postoperative period.
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    Examination of social media and technology use of mothers in breastfeeding period in a region of Turkey
    (Elsevier Espana Slu, 2022) Dogan, Pinar; Karakul, Atiye; Akgul, Esra Ardahan; Oztornaci, Beste Ozguven; Sari, Hatice Yildirim
    Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the social media and technology use of mothers during breastfeeding. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was carried out with mothers who brought their children for follow-up in the pediatric outpatient clinics of a public hospital, a university hospital and a private hospital located in Turkey. A questionnaire developed & laquo;ad hoc & raquo; was used for data collection. Results: The total sample consisted of 275 mothers (n = 275). Mothers participating in the study 89.8% of the mothers used social media, 86.5% sought on the reliability of the information on the internet, 73.8% used the medical information on the internet to decide on any case about breastfeeding and 66.9% of them used cell phone or computer during breastfeeding. A statistically significant difference was determined between the education level of the mothers and social media use (p < 0.05). It was determined that the mothers who were secondary school graduate and those with three or more children talked on a cell phone while breastfeeding. Conclusions: Most of the mothers used social media and technology at a level limiting their interaction with their children. It is recommended to protect mothers from digital addiction and improve their digital literacy levels. (c) 2022 Elsevier Espa & ntilde;a, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
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    Examining the Relationship Between Pediatric Nurses' Empathy Skills and Pediatric Pain Knowledge and Attitudes
    (Bingol University, 2024) Düzce, Sezgin; Düzkaya, Duygu Sönmez; Karakul, Atiye
    Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the pain of patients hospitalized in pediatric clinics. This study examines the relationship between pediatric nurses' empathy skills and pediatric pain knowledge and attitudes. Method: The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 94 pediatric nurses. The research data were collected between June-October 2023. "Descriptive Information Form", "Empathic Skills Scale" and "Pediatric Pain Knowledge andAttitude Scale" were used to collect the data. Results: The average age of the pediatric nurses in the study was 30.58±4.48. Pediatric nurses' total mean score on the Empathic Skills Scale was 151.41±24.82; The mean total score of the Pediatric Pain Knowledge and Attitude Scale is 63.78±10.17. A statistically significant relationship was found between pediatric nurses' gender, years of working as a pediatric nurse, participation in an empathy skill development program, and willingly choosing the profession and the total score average of the Empathic Skills Scale. Pediatric nurses' years of working as a nurse and satisfaction with working as a pediatric nurse were found to be statistically significant. It was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between the Pediatric Pain Knowledge and Attitude Scale total score average. No relationship has been determined between the scales. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was determined that pediatric nurses' empathy skills and pediatric pain knowledge and attitudes were at a moderate level. In line with the principles of atraumatic care, it is recommended that pediatric nurses be given planned in-service training to improve their empathy skills and have good pain knowledge and attitudes.