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    Experimental investigation of effects of single and mixed alternative fuels (gasoline, CNG, LPG, acetone, naphthalene, and boron derivatives) on a commercial i-DSI engine
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Dogu, Yahya; Yontar, Ahmet Alper; Kantaroglu, Emrah
    A commercial i-DSI (Intelligent-Dual Sequential Ignition) engine is tested to investigate performance and emissions for single fuels and alternative fuels mixed into gasoline. The novelty of the study is the first time testing of the unconventional mixture of boron derivatives and quantification and comparison of real engine characteristics for 11 different fuels for the same commercial engine. Tested single fuels are gasoline (G100), CNG (CNG100), and LPG (LPG100). While the engine runs with gasoline, gaseous fuels are injected into the intake line at a mass rate of 10% CNG (CNG10) and 5% LPG (LPG5). The engine is also tested by adding 25-50% acetone (A25-A50) and 50% naphthalene (N50) into gasoline. Tests are also performed by mixing boron derivatives of borax-pentahydrate (BP), anhydrous-borax (AB), and boric-acid (BA) into gasoline. Tested fuels worsen engine performance compared to gasoline, except for brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). There is a positive change in emissions for tested fuels compared to gasoline, except that NOx increases 4-5 times for CNG and LPG. One of the important findings is that, for boron-gasoline mixtures, the torque reduces by 4.0% for BP, 4.4% for AB, and 4.4% for BA. The volumetric efficiency decreases by 6.3% for BP, 7.3% for AB, and 8.5% for BA. The BSFC decreases 5.8% for BP, increases 0.4% for AB and decreases 15.2% for BA. Boron derivatives dissolved in gasoline diversely affect combustion and give some advantage in particular for BA and BP in terms of BSFC. In addition, boron-gasoline reduces the formation of HC and NOx.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Influence of acetone addition into gasoline for i-DSI engine
    (Springer India, 2022) Kantaroglu, Emrah; Yontar, Ahmet Alper; Dogu, Yahya
    Despite the notable properties of acetone due to its volatility and oxygen content as a fuel additive, very few studies have been limited to small size special purpose engines. A comparative testing and 3D in-cylinder combustion CFD studies are presented for acetone-gasoline blend in an i-DSI commercial car engine as the first time. The blends contain mass ratio of acetone by 0-2-5-10-20% (G100-A2-A5-A10-A20). In testing, torque reduced 0.33% (A2), 0.66% (A5), 0.84% (A10), and 1.45% (A20) compared to gasoline. The BSFC decreased by 0.27% (A2), 0.55% (A5), 0.79% (A10), and increased 0.26% (A20). Volumetric efficiency decreased by 3.2-6.4-5.1-11.5% for A2-A5-A10-A20. The CO emission for blends is less than gasoline by 1.5% (A2), 4.0% (A5), 15.2% (A10), and 33.6% (A20). The CO2 decreased 0.8% (A2), and increased 1.3% (A5), 4.6% (A10), and 11.4% (A20). The HC reduced by 7.0% (A2), 10.1% (A5), 23.8% (A10), and 34.4% (A20). The NOx formation increased by 3.6% (A2), 4.4% (A5), 27.6% (A10), and 87.8% (A20). Acetone addition decreased torque and slightly increased BSFC. CO and HC decreased while CO2 and NOx increased with increasing acetone ratio. Acetone indeed improves the combustion while its final effect on engine performance is not found to be favorable.