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    Carbonaceous Nanofillers in Medicine Technology
    (Springer Link, 2024) Demirdöğen, Ruken Esra; Kaya, Gül; Ocakoğlu, Kasım
    Nanofillers (NFs) constitute a remarkable group of nanomaterials that have been used in many different application areas from biomedical to energy systems. They are used to endow favorable mechanical, physical, chemical, and conductivity properties to the different matrices but especially polymeric matrices. NFs are favored fillers over microfillers due to their promising physical and mechanical properties, such as large surface areas, high aspect ratio, high surface energy, scratch resistance, superior barrier properties, enhanced fire-resistant properties, improved heat distortion performance, and less structural defects. They can be classified as organic or inorganic and organic nanofillers and especially carbon nanofillers (CNFs) (e.g., zero-dimensional (0D: fullerenes, carbon dots, carbon nano onions, carbon nanohorns), one-dimensional (1D: nanotubes, nanofibers), two-dimensional (2D: graphene, graphene oxides (GO) and their sheet-like derivatives), and three-dimensional (3D: spherical and cubical nanoparticles, multi-layered GO, graphite, and diamond)). This chapter aimed at providing an overview of carbon nanofillers and their biomedical applications. CNFs are used to form hybrid nanocomposites with various materials in the field of medical technology such as cancer therapy, biosensor applications, neurotransmitter detection, disease and toxicity biomarker detection, tissue engineering, osteogenic applications, antimicrobial activity, drug delivery, and theranostic applications together with a light to their future biomedical applications.