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    The Usability of Polymer-Doped Black Phosphorus (BP@PVDF) as a Photocatalyst for Dye Removal in a Photocatalytic System
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2024) Eskikaya, Ozan; Kucukosman, Ridvan; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Dizge, Nadir; Deepanraj, Balakrishnan; Senthilkumar, Natarajan
    It is well known that water with dye content needs to be treated to remove the environmental and health hazards it poses. In this study, the refinability of the photocatalytic treatment process with a photocatalyst containing black phosphorus, which is a popular material recently, was investigated. Black phosphorus (BP) was synthesized directly from red phosphorus at 180 degrees C using the recyclable liquid phase method in an ethylenediamine medium. Microstructural characterization of the samples was carried out by SEM, HR-TEM, BET and XRD techniques. A composite material was synthesized in a polymer-containing solution (Polyvinylidene fluoride; PVDF) to prevent the BP from being easily separated from the water and from being deformed. The obtained polymer-doped BP (BP@PVDF) as a photocatalyst was successfully removed from Methylene Blue (MB) dye in the photocatalytic system. As a result of the photocatalytic experiments with BP@PVDF, the removal efficiency of MB dye (10 ppm) was 93.49% after 1 h of the solution with a pH value of 7 under visible light. In addition, after 10 reuses in reuse experiments, the removal efficiency of the material decreased by 30.25%. Even in this case, 65.83% removal efficiency was obtained even in the 10th reuse of the reused BP@PVDF. Experimental and reuse results suggest that the synthesized material is an excellent photocatalyst with advantages such as both performance and reusability.