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    Extraction of malva sylvestris seed oil by soxhlet method and alginate/ chitosan microencapsulation with a new method: Investigation of its cytotoxic effects on human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y)
    (Elsevier, 2024) Ulusal, Hasan; Ulusal, Fatma; Dagli, Sibel; Toprak, Cahit
    Biopolymers such as chitosan or alginate are at the forefront in healthcare applications due to their broad bioactivities. Biomolecules obtained by loading plant extracts into capsules prepared with chitosan and alginate combinations show anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this study, Malva sylvestris seed oil (MSSO) was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method and alginate/chitosan encapsulation was performed with a new method. The anticancer properties of the prepared capsules were examined in the human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). For this purpose, MSSO was separated by the maceration extraction (Extract 1) and soxhelet extraction (Extract 2) and the extracts were microencapsulated with alginate and chitosan (MicroCapsule 1 and MicroCapsule 2). Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug loading (DL%) were calculated for each two capsules. The cytotoxic effects of the prepared microcapsules and extracts were examined with the CCK-8 cytotoxicity test on the SH-SY5Y cell line for 24 and 48 h of incubation periods. EE and DL for microcapsule 1 were 94.10% and 4.92%, respectively, and EE and DL for microcapsule 2 were 86.69% and 3.15%, respectively. IC50 values calculated using Graphad Prism 10.0.2. As a result of the encapsulation of the extracts, it was found that both capsules had approximately 5 times lower IC50 values. Additionally, lower IC50 values were found at 48 h of incubation due to the slow release of the extracts from the capsules. Since the microencapsulation process increases the amount of substance in the unit volume and provides a slow and controlled release of the drug, it provides cytotoxic effects at lower doses. This will allow the drug to be more concentrated in cancerous cells and tissues and overcome drug resistance that may develop in the cell.
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    Imparting of Nearly Superparamagnetic Properties to Cryogel Scaffolds With Mesoporous MNPs for Magneto-Sensitive Tissue Engineering Strategies
    (Wiley, 2024) Demir, Didem; Ulusal, Fatma; Ulusal, Hasan; Ceylan, Seda; Dagli, Sibel; Ozdemir, Nalan; Tarakcioglu, Mehmet
    This work reports the assembly of mesoporous iron oxide nanoparticles (meso-MNPs) with cryogel scaffolds composed of chitosan and gelatin. Meso-MNPs with a particle size ranging from 2 and 50 nm, a surface area of 140.52 m2 g-1, and a pore volume of 0.27 cm3 g-1 were synthesized on a porous SiO2 template in the presence of PEG 6000 followed by leaching of SiO2. Different ratios of meso-MNPs were successfully incorporated into chitosan:gelatin cryogels up to an amount equivalent to the entire amount of polymer. The morphological structure and physicochemical properties of the cryogels were directly affected by the amount of MNPs. VSM curves showed that all composite cryogels could be magnetized by applying a magnetic field. In the context of the safety of magnetic cryogel scaffolds for use in biomedicine, it is important to note that all values are below the exposure limit for static magnetic fields, and according to cytotoxicity data, scaffolds containing meso-MNPs showed nontoxicity with cell viability ranging from 150% to 275%. In addition, microbial analysis with gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria showed that the scaffolds exhibited activity against these bacteria. image