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Öğe A hybrid process for leachate wastewater treatment: Evaporation and reverse osmosis/sequencing batch reactor(Wiley, 2022) Bouchareb, Raouf; Isik, Zelal; Ozay, Yasin; Karagunduz, Ahmet; Keskinler, Bulent; Dizge, NadirIn this study, a hybrid process for leachate wastewater treatment including evaporation and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane or biological treatment systems was suggested. Experiments were performed on a real landfill leachate wastewater. The leachate was subjected to evaporation; as a result, a distillate was obtained containing less organic matter and less substantial amounts of other pollutants, as ammonium salts and total phenols were removed. Tests were carried out at different evaporation temperatures and times. The initial leachate pH was adjusted and optimized. For optimum conditions, each of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phenol, and ammonium salt concentrations were reduced to 99.99%, 95.00%, and 83.00%, respectively. The distillate of the first stage of the proposed process was then exposed to RO membrane system, as a first study, under different transmembrane pressure of 20, 30, and 40 bar and at different pH values of 7, 8, and 9. As a second suggested treatment system, the distillate was subjected to a biological treatment process for 30 days as a retention time, pH = 6, and room temperature 25 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C. At the end of the research study, a comparison was conducted between results obtained with RO membrane separation and biological treatment system as two distinct treatment systems proposed for leachate landfill wastewater treatment. Although both systems were effective for landfill leachate wastewater treatment, however, with the RO membrane separation system, COD removal efficiency reached 99.99%. In the other hand, with biological treatment process, COD elimination was as much as 90.00%. Certainly, evaporation and RO are not novel ways of landfill leachate treatment; however, few studies have attempted to use similar combined system for landfill leachate wastewater treatment and attained effective results of treated water. Practitioner Points A hybrid process of evaporation and RO membrane or biological treatment systems was suggested for leachate wastewater treatment. For optimum conditions, COD, total phenols, and ammonium salt reductions were achieved to 99.99%, 95%, and 83%, respectively, after the first evaporation stage. The distillate of the first stage of the proposed process was then exposed to RO membrane system and biological treatment system. Different transmembrane pressure and different pH values were optimized for RO.Öğe Photocatalytic activity of calcined chicken eggshells for Safranin and Reactive Red 180 decolorization(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Eskikaya, Ozan; Gun, Melis; Bouchareb, Raouf; Bilici, Zeynep; Dizge, Nadir; Ramaraj, Rameshprabu; Balakrishnan, DeepanrajOne of the most important problems affecting the environment today is the inability to adequately treat wastewater containing dyes. Among of the many treatment processes used in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater, photocatalytic based wastewater treatment processes attract the attention of scientists as a new, economically feasible, and promising approach which has been in practice for a few decades. However, in order to use these processes in wider areas, cheap and effective catalysts are still being developed today. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of eggshell-CaO produced from waste chicken eggshells was investigated for decolorization of Safranin (Basic Red 2) and Reactive Red 180 (RR180) dyes. First, sintering process was applied to the waste chicken eggshells at different temperatures (300, 600, 900 degrees C) in order to observe CaO formation from the eggshells. Second, the parameters such as photocatalyst amount, pH, concentration of dyes, and reaction time were optimized on dye removal efficiency in photocatalytic experiments. The optimum conditions were performed under visible light and found to be 1 g/L of catalyst amount (sintered at 900 degrees C), original solution pH (6.80 for Safranin and 6.60 for RR180), and 5 mg/L of dye concentration. The photocatalytic removal efficiencies of Safranin and RR180 dyes were 100% and 97.90%, respectively, under the determined optimum experimental conditions. The adsorption efficiency of the dyes that could be realized during the photocatalytic experiment was measured as 20.99% and 9.99% for Safranin and RR180 dyes, respectively.Öğe Use of welding powder as a low-cost adsorbent for waste motor oil removal(Wiley, 2024) Eskikaya, Ozan; Belibagli, Pinar; Bouchareb, Raouf; Isik, Zelal; Dizge, NadirWaste motor oil (WMO), which has no stable form or structure, causes major environmental problems and damage to the ecosystem once it is disposed to the environment. Because of the high toxicity of contents in such effluent, it must be treated before being discharged into the receiving environment. In recent years, the valorization and the use of waste materials to remove toxic pollutants is of great importance to researchers and diverse industries. In this study, the usability of waste welding powder (WWP) as an adsorbent for waste oil removal was investigated. For this purpose, investigating the usability of material, which is generated as industrial waste, in wastewater treatment will lead to the evaluation of waste. The effects of temperature, pH, WWP amount, and initial WMO amount were investigated. According to the adsorption studies, 1 g WWP/L of the processed adsorbent was able to effectively remove 95.05% of WMO (100 mg) at a pH of 2 at 30 degrees C. Stereo microscopy images showed a large amount of oil adsorbed on the WWP surface. The different WWP properties were determined by adsorption isotherm (Harkins-Jura), kinetic (pseudo-second order), and thermodynamic (Delta G: -5.1 kJ mol-1) experiments. It is thought that WWP, which is a low-cost and waste material, can be used as a promising adsorbent in WMO removal. Wastewater containing waste motor oil (WMO) has high toxicity and must be treated before being discharged into the receiving environment. Weld powders (WWP) are the most suitable candidate for WMO removal due to their advantages such as low cost and easy separation. According to the experimental results, a removal efficiency of 95% shows that WWP can be used as a promising adsorbent in WMO removal. image
