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Öğe A combined process of chemical precipitation and aerobic membrane bioreactor for treatment of citric acid wastewater(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Belibagli, Pinar; Isik, Zelal; Bouras, Hadj Daoud; Arslan, Hudaverdi; Dizge, NadirThe wastewater generated from citric acid production has a high organic loading content. The treatment and reuse of citric acid wastewater with high organic loading become extremely important. In this study, the performance of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) precipitation as a low-cost and environmentally friendly pre-treatment method and aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) combined treatment system was investigated for the treatment of citric acid (CA) wastewater. At the first step, optimization parameters such as agitation speed (100, 150, 200 rpm), temperature (30, 50, 70 degrees C), and reaction time (2, 4, 6 h) for Ca(OH)2 precipitation as a pre-treatment method were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Experimental sets were designed using Box-Behnken Design. As a result of pre-treatment with Ca(OH)2 precipitation, a COD removal efficiency of 97.3% was obtained. Then, pre-treated CA wastewater was fed continuously to the MBR process for 10 days, which was the second stage of the combined process. As a result of the MBR process, 92.0% COD removal efficiency was obtained for 24 h HRT and 10 days SRT. In total, 99.8% COD removal efficiency was obtained when combined process was used and COD concentration decreased from 52,000-114 mg/L. For the treatment and reuse of wastewater from citric acid production, Ca(OH)2 precipitation and MBR combined treatment systems demonstrated an effective strategy.Öğe A novel green approach for Cr(VI) removal: application of tomato stem-based hydrochar assisted Fenton-like process(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Alterkaoui, Aya; Belibagli, Pinar; Gun, Melis; Isik, Zelal; Eskikaya, Ozan; Yabalak, Erdal; Dizge, NadirEnvironmentally friendly catalysts have come to the forefront due to the cost of chemically produced catalysts and the formation of by-products harmful to the environment. Millions of tons of plant waste are produced every year, some of which is disposed directly. In this study, tomato stem hydrochar (TSCH) was produced from waste tomato stems by the hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) method, and its use as a catalyst was investigated. The optimisation of Cr(VI) removal from water was carried out using a Fenton-like process with a TSCH catalyst and resulted in 100% of Cr(VI) removal efficiency at 10 mg/L of Cr(VI) concentration, pH 2.00, 0.2 g/L of TSCH catalyst, 10 mu L/L of H2O2 and 60 minutes of reaction time. Fenton-like thermodynamic and kinetic data were analyzed, and the results were found to comply with the second-order in Cr(VI) removal. The reusability of the TSCH catalyst in Cr(VI) removal was investigated and it was emphasized that it was reusable for more than 5 uses. In conclusion, TSCH, which is an environmentally friendly, inexpensive and effective catalyst for Cr(VI) treatment in a Fenton-like process, can be used as an alternative catalyst for wastewater treatment in terms of both waste management and economic and environmentally friendly.Öğe Antioxidant activity, DNA cleavage ability, and antibacterial properties of ceramic membrane coated with cobalt nanoparticles(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Belibagli, Pinar; Dogan, Ali Can; Kaya, Gul; Dizge, Nadir; Ocakoglu, Kasim; Özdemir, Sadin; Tollu, GülsahCeramic membranes are increasingly used in water/wastewater treatment due to their excellent filtration/separation performance, mechanical, thermal and long-term stability. In this study, ceramic clay membranes coated with cobalt nanoparticles (Co NP) were produced to increase the antibacterial properties of ceramic membranes produced using clay, a natural and cost-effective material. The morphological structure of Co NP ceramic clay membranes was determined by SEM analysis and the surface of the ceramic clay membrane coated with Co NP gained a smooth surface feature close to homogeneity. The antioxidant activity of CoNPs was 69.26 % at 100 mg/L. Plasmid DNA was entirely degraded at 50 mg/L nanoparticle concentrations. At a concentration of 100 mg/L, α-amylase inhibition of 86.39 % was exhibited by the CoNPs solution. CoNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against L. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila, E. hirae, and E. faecalis (Minimum Inhibition concentration (MIC):16 mg/L). The cell viability inhibitory effect of the NPs was 98.27 % at 20 mg/L concentration against E. coli. The antibiofilm activities of the CoNPs were determined 82.13 % and 71.67 % against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Furthermore, the E. coli elimination performance of CoNP coated on the solid surface of the ceramic membrane was obtained as 94.64 %. In line with all these results, it has been clearly proven that Co NP ceramic clay membranes can be used in water and wastewater treatment due to their convenient, cheap, and effective antibacterial properties. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.Öğe Enhanced biogas yield in anaerobic digestion of citric acid wastewater by pre-treatment: The effect of calcium hydroxide precipitation and electrocoagulation process(Elsevier, 2024) Belibagli, Pinar; Akbay, Habibe Elif Gulsen; Arslan, Salih; Mazmanci, Birgul; Dizge, Nadir; Senthilkumar, Natarajan; Balakrishnan, DeepanrajDuring the production and use of citric acid (CA), which is frequently used in food, chemistry, metallurgy and other related industries, wastewater with high organic load and acidity is generated. Discharge of these wastewaters into the receiving environment without adequate purification causes serious pollution problems. However, treating such wastewater with hybrid processes allows both the formation of valuable by-products and an increase in the degree of purification. In this study, the biogas production potential of citric acid wastewater (CAWW), which was pre-treated by chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation (EC) processes, was investigated. Pre-treatment experiments were designed using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations after hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) precipitation and EC processes were determined as 4960 mg/L and 5120 mg/L, respectively. The pre-treated CAWW were finally used for the secondary treatment by anaerobic digestion (AD) process. After AD process COD degradation determined as 67% and 98% for Ca (OH)2 precipitation and EC process, respectively. In addition, the biogas production of the pre-treated CAWW increased approximately 2 and 7 times for the Ca(OH)2 precipitation and EC processes, respectively, compared to the untreated. The methane (CH4) content of the produced biogas increased by 18% and 50% for Ca(OH)2 precipitation and EC processes, respectively. According to 48-hour acute toxic test result, daphnia mortality decreased from 50% concentration of CAWW after AD, even 10% concentration is non-toxic to daphnia. In conclusion, the complementarity of Ca(OH)2 precipitation and EC processes with AD promoted both the removal of organics from wastewater and the production of valuable by-products.Öğe Fabrication of Ag nanoparticles coated leonardite basalt ceramic membrane with improved antimicrobial properties for DNA cleavage, E. coli removal and antibiofilm effects(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Saleh, Mohammed; Isik, Zelal; Belibagli, Pinar; Arslan, Hudaverdi; Gonca, Serpil; Ozdemir, Sadin; Kudaibergenov, NurbolatThis study aimed to fabricate a novel, low-cost, and environmental-friendly ceramic membrane based on basalt and leonardite powders via press and sintering methods. The fabricated leonardite basalt ceramic membrane (LBCM) was coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); to create an antibacterial surface. The capabilities of the bare and coated membranes were examined. In this context, water permeability reached 554 +/- 2.61 and 447 +/- 1.21 L/m2hbar for bare LBCM and AgNPs-coated LBCM, respectively. The fabricated membranes indicated 100% Escherichia coli (E. coli) removal efficiency at a transmembrane pressure of 0.5 bar. The solid surface antimicrobial activity of the LBCM and AgNPs-coated LBCM reached 26.38% and 100%, respectively. The LBCM and AgNPs-coated LBCM were analyzed for the in-vitro 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant. Accordingly, AgNPs-coated LBCM exhibited higher antioxidant activities than raw LBCM. The scavenging capacity reached 83.91% with AgNPs-coated LBCM, while only 58.95% was achieved with raw LBCM, indicating that AgNPs-coated LBCM was better than bare LBCM from an antioxidant activities perspective. AgNPs-coated LBCM had a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cleavage activity (single-strand DNA cleavage activity at 50 mg/L and double-strand DNA cleavage activity at 100 and 200 mg/L). In contrast, the raw LBCM did not exhibit DNA cleavage activity at any concentration. AgNPs-coated LBCM showed higher antimicrobial activities (minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were 32 mg/L against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and 64 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis), and Enterococcus hirae (E. hirae)). The biofilm inhibition of LBCM and AgNPs-coated LBCM powders was tested against S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The maximum S. aureus inhabitations by LBCM and AgNPcoated LBCM were 60.34% and 99.12%, respectively. The inhabitation of P. aeruginosa increased from 52.38% before coating to 96.37% at the end of the coating process. Regarding E.coli microbial cell viability inhibition, LBCM powders and AgNPs-coated LBCM powders were found to inhibit E. coli growth by 68.35% and 100%, respectively. (c) 2023 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Heterogeneous catalyst production from waste cucumber stems and investigation of production potential in biodiesel(Elsevier, 2025) Alterkaoui, Aya; Belibagli, Pinar; Arslan, Hudaverdi; Dizge, Nadir; Balakrishnan, DeepanrajThe use of heterogeneous catalysts obtained from waste in biodiesel production is of great importance in terms of waste management and waste recovery. In this study, heterogeneous catalyst was successfully obtained from waste cucumber stems (WCS) and its potential for biodiesel production via transesterification was investigated. The heterogeneous catalyst contains Ca, K, Mg, Si elements that play a role in biodiesel production. Biodiesel production potential was designed by selecting different temperature, time, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst amount using response surface methodology (RSM). Waste cooking oil (WCO) was used for biodiesel production. The optimum values of these parameters were found to be 70 degrees C, 120 min, 15 wt% and 20:1, respectively. 93.7 % FAME yield was obtained using the obtained CaO catalyst. The heterogeneous catalyst obtained from WCS showed multiple reuse capacity up to 5 cycles. All these results showed that the heterogeneous catalyst obtained from WCS has strong biodiesel production activity and this approach has great potential in biodiesel production with its economic, sustainability and environmental benefits.Öğe Hydrothermal Synthesis of Waste Black Tea Pulp and Tomato Stem Hydrochars and Comparison of Their Adsorption Performance of Safranin Dye(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2023) Alterkaoui, Aya; Belibagli, Pinar; Gun, Melis; Isik, Zelal; Dizge, Nadir; Yabalak, ErdalIn this study, hydrochar prepared from black tea (BT) and tomato stem (TS) using subcritical water (SW) conditions was used as an adsorbent for color removal from Safranin-O (SO-Basic Red 2) dye wastewater. The use of black tea hydrochar (BTH) and tomato stem hydrochar (TSH) was investigated in the removal of Safranin-O dye from aqueous solutions by the adsorption process. In optimization studies, variables impacting the adsorption process such as adsorbent size, pH, dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and shaking time were examined. As a result of optimization studies, removal efficiencies of 85.15% for BTH and 81.5% for TSH were achieved. In this study, the reuse cycle was also examined. Adsorption isotherm models, adsorption kinetic models, and thermodynamic studies have been studied to explain the relationships between the adsorption processes taking place. Data appropriate for the Freundlich and D-R isotherm models as well as the PSO kinetic model were obtained for TSH while defining the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model for BTH.Öğe Multi-functional ceramic glazes with nano ZnO/Cu-ZnO incorporation(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Acikbas, Gokhan; Acikbas, Nurcan Calis; Dizge, Nadir; Belibagli, PinarThe study successfully enabled the creation of ceramic surfaces with multi functionalities, including superhydrophilicity, self-cleaning, antibacterial properties, and photocatalytic activity, by applying a glaze composition rich in nano ZnO/Cu-ZnO and utilizing surface chemistry and unique texturing on porcelain tiles. The tiles, coated with unique glaze compositions, were fired in an industrial furnace and heat treated. The crystalline phases and surface morphology of glazed surfaces were systematically evaluated using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, drop shape analyzer, and surface roughness profilometer. Key-factors affecting the wettability, self-clean ability, photocatalytic activity and antibacterial efficacy were discussed. Adding nano Cu into the glaze mixture that is rich in ZnO improves the evolution of zincite crystals, increases the specific surface energy, decreases surface roughness, provide superhydrophilicity and promotes the antibacterial effectiveness and photocatalytic activity. Superhydrophilic surfaces doped with nano Cu-ZnO display antibacterial characteristics that do not require UV or visible light. The quick achievement of complete self-cleaning, up to 100 %, is due to the presence of nano Cu particles in its structure. Hydrophilicity has the ability to improve the efficiency of photocatalysis. If a surface exhibits superhydrophilic properties, it shows exceptional photocatalytic performance. A surface that is solely photohydrophilic may not maintain self-cleaning. Hydrophilicity may be more important than photocatalysis in the self-cleaning effect.Öğe Optimization of chromium (VI) reduction in aqueous solution using magnetic Fe3O4 sludge resulting from electrocoagulation process(Public Library Science, 2024) Belibagli, Pinar; Isik, Zelal; Dizge, Nadir; Balakrishnan, Deepanraj; Afzal, Abdul Rahman; Akram, MuhammadThe reuse of electro-coagulated sludge as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) ion reduction was investigated in this study. Electro-coagulated sludge was obtained during the removal of citric acid wastewater by the electrocoagulation process. The following parameters were optimized for Cr(VI) reduction: pH (5-7), initial Cr(VI) concentration (10-50 mg/L), contact time (10-45 min), and adsorbent dosage (0.5-1.5 g/L). Cr(VI) reduction optimization reduction experimental sets were designed using response surface design. Cr(VI) reduction optimization results 97.0% removal efficiency and 15.1 mg/g adsorption capacity were obtained at pH 5.0, 1.5 g/L electro-coagulated Fe3O4 sludge, 10 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration and 45 min reaction time. According to the isotherm results, the experimental data are compatible with the Freundlich isotherm model, and since it is defined by the pseudo-second order model emphasizes that the driving forces of the Cr(VI) reduction process are rapid transfer of Cr(VI) to the adsorbent surface. The reusability of the adsorbent was investigated and Cr(VI) reduction was achieved at a high rate even in the 5th cycle. All these results clearly show that electro-coagulated Fe3O4 sludge is an effective, inexpensive adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater.Öğe Optimization of water removal from oil by eggplant stems using response surface methodology(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Ordu, Zehra; Belibagli, Pinar; Yalvac, Mutlu; Arslan, Hudaverdi; Dizge, NadirEggplant stems are among the most produced organic wastes. Unfortunately, the burning and irregular storage of eggplant stems outdoors causes both global air pollution and environmental pollution. Environmental impacts can be minimized by recycling eggplant stems, turning them into valuable products and using them as valuable additives. In this study, the water-binding capacity (WBC) and water-binding capacity in oil (WBCO) potential of eggplant stems was investigated. In the first step, optimization of the alkaline treatment of eggplant stems was carried out. Alkaline treatment optimization parameters such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration (0.050, 0.125 and 0.200 M), temperature (20, 40 and 60 degrees C) and reaction time (30, 90 and 150 min) were investigated using response surface methodology. In the second stage, WBC and WBCO tests of eggplant stems were carried out. According to the experimental results, capacity efficiencies of 30.64 and 98.20% were obtained for WBC and WBCO, respectively, at 0.125 M sodium hydroxide concentration, 60 degrees C temperature and 150 min reaction time. In addition, eggplant stems demonstrated the ability to retain water effectively for up to five cycles. The high WBC of eggplant stems in oil after alkali treatment showed that they could be a suitable and inexpensive candidate for use in biodiesel purification and methane production.Öğe Reuse of waste welding powder in Fenton-like process for RO16 dye removal and Cr(VI) reduction(Springer, 2024) Bulut, Hande; Eskikaya, Ozan; Belibagli, Pinar; Isik, Zelal; Arslan, Hudaverdi; Dizge, NadirWaste minimization is one of the important issued nowadays. In this study, the usability of waste welding powders (WWPs) was investigated in the Fenton-like process for Cr(VI) and reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye removal from aqueous solution. Solution pH, amount of catalyst, amount of H2O2, initial pollutants concentrations, reaction time and temperature parameters were optimized. 100% RO16 dye removal efficiency was obtained at pH: 2, dye concentration: 100 mg/L, catalyst amount: 1 g/L, and H2O2 amount: 2.5 & mu;L/L. Besides, 99.7% Cr(VI) removal efficiency was obtained at pH: 2, Cr(VI) concentration: 10 mg/L, catalyst amount: 0.25 g/L, and H2O2 amount: 2.5 & mu;L/L. In addition, the characterization of WWP was also carried out by SEM, EDX, XRD, XRF, and zeta potential analyses. WWP can be considered to be a viable catalyst for both dye and Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. WWP's effectiveness was also tested in real wastewater. As a result of the experiments with real wastewater, 100% removal efficiency was obtained both textile wastewater for 60 min and Cr(VI) containing wastewater for 45 min. These results have revealed that WWP is a promising catalyst for the treatment of real wastewater.Öğe Use of welding powder as a low-cost adsorbent for waste motor oil removal(Wiley, 2024) Eskikaya, Ozan; Belibagli, Pinar; Bouchareb, Raouf; Isik, Zelal; Dizge, NadirWaste motor oil (WMO), which has no stable form or structure, causes major environmental problems and damage to the ecosystem once it is disposed to the environment. Because of the high toxicity of contents in such effluent, it must be treated before being discharged into the receiving environment. In recent years, the valorization and the use of waste materials to remove toxic pollutants is of great importance to researchers and diverse industries. In this study, the usability of waste welding powder (WWP) as an adsorbent for waste oil removal was investigated. For this purpose, investigating the usability of material, which is generated as industrial waste, in wastewater treatment will lead to the evaluation of waste. The effects of temperature, pH, WWP amount, and initial WMO amount were investigated. According to the adsorption studies, 1 g WWP/L of the processed adsorbent was able to effectively remove 95.05% of WMO (100 mg) at a pH of 2 at 30 degrees C. Stereo microscopy images showed a large amount of oil adsorbed on the WWP surface. The different WWP properties were determined by adsorption isotherm (Harkins-Jura), kinetic (pseudo-second order), and thermodynamic (Delta G: -5.1 kJ mol-1) experiments. It is thought that WWP, which is a low-cost and waste material, can be used as a promising adsorbent in WMO removal. Wastewater containing waste motor oil (WMO) has high toxicity and must be treated before being discharged into the receiving environment. Weld powders (WWP) are the most suitable candidate for WMO removal due to their advantages such as low cost and easy separation. According to the experimental results, a removal efficiency of 95% shows that WWP can be used as a promising adsorbent in WMO removal. image
