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    Analysis of Financial Performance of Participation Banks in Türkiye Before and After Covid-19 with CAMELS Method
    (Tarsus Üniversitesi, 2024) Alparslan, Nisa; Özbek, Bahar
    The Covid-19 pandemic, which affected the whole world in a short time, first emerged in 2019 and started to show its effect in 2020 in Türkiye. During the pandemic, changes were observed in the banking sector, especially in terms of financial performance. Participation banks, whose share in the banking sector has recently increased in Türkiye, offer various financing services to investors through profit and loss sharing. In this study, the financial performances of participation banks operating in Türkiye were analyzed comparatively with the CAMELS method in the pre and post Covid-19 period. The ratios used in the CAMELS analysis were determined in line with the literature research and the unconsolidated financial statements and independent audit reports of the banks were utilized. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that Vakıf Participation Bank achieved the highest performance and Albaraka Türk Participation Bank achieved the lowest performance in the pre-Covid-19 period. It was concluded that Ziraat Participation Bank had the highest performance in 2020, which was evaluated within the scope of the Covid-19 period. Albaraka Türk Participation Bank had the lowest performance in the relevant year. Finally, when the results for the years after Covid-19 are analyzed, the highest performance was achieved by Kuveyt Türk Participation Bank. Albaraka Türk Participation Bank, Türkiye Finans Participation Bank and Ziraat Participation Bank showed the lowest performance in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
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    Does Climate Change Strengthen the Link between Environmental Degradation and Agricultural Output? Empirical Evidence on the Turkish Economy
    (Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2024) Özbek, Sefa; Özbek, Bahar
    Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between agricultural output and environmental degradation, climate change, agricultural employment and economic growth in the Turkish economy for the period 1990-2020. Methodology: The direct and interactive effects of variables were examined using two district models. As an empirical method, the ARDL bounds test proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001) is utilized. As a result of the existence of cointegration relationship, short and long term estimation results are reported separately for the two models. Finding: Empirical findings show the existence of cointegration relationship between the relevant variables. Long-run findings show that increases in temperature increase agricultural output, while increases in CO2 emissions, economic growth and agricultural employment decrease agricultural output. In the short run, only economic growth has a negative effect on agricultural output. Originality: In the long run, the interactive effect of climate change and environmental degradation on agricultural output is found to be higher and more negative than the direct effects. This result reveals the importance of addressing climate change and environmental degradation together. © 2024, Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics. All rights reserved.
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    Examining the Nexus of Energy Prices, Fossil Use, Efficiency, Technology export, and Environmental Quality: A Novel Analysis of the Top 10 Economies with the Highest Annual Increase in Energy Prices (1990-2021)-2
    (Technical University of Kosice, 2024) Naimoğlu, Mustafa; Özbek, Bahar
    This study investigates environmental quality for the top 10 economies with the highest average annual increase in energy prices over the period 1990-2021. For this purpose, the interdependence between energy prices, energy efficiency, fossil fuel consumption, medium-high technology exports, and CO2 emissions is investigated with annual data in the period 1990-2021. Slope heterogeneity and cross-section dependence were taken into account in the empirical analysis. Durbin-Hausman cointegration test and CCEMG estimator were used as methods. The findings showed that for the top 10 economies, higher energy prices and fossil fuel consumption increased environmental damage. Energy efficiency and more technology exports increase environmental quality. The study findings are new as this specific combination of variables for these top 10 countries has not been studied before. © 2024, Technical University of Kosice. All rights reserved.
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    SUSTAINABILITY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS: THE IMPACT OF BITCOIN ON CARBON EMISSIONS
    (Nisantasi University, 2024) Özbek, Bahar; Özbek, Sefa
    One of the most important innovations of the modern age is the digitalization of money. Today, there are many digital currencies. Bitcoin stands out in terms of trading volume and market capitalization. In this study, the relationship between Bitcoin, which has an important place among cryptocurrencies, and the environment is examined. Using monthly data for the period August 2010 - March 2024, the relationship between Bitcoin and carbon emissions was empirically tested. In econometric analysis, traditional and current empirical methods are used to determine the stationarity level. On the other hand, in addition to traditional cointegration approaches, Hepsağ (2021) cointegration test, which is among the non-linear and up-to-date techniques, is used. Finally, the causality relationship between the variables was examined. Empirical evidence shows a long-term relationship between Bitcoin and carbon emissions. It is also concluded that there is a Granger causality relationship from Bitcoin to carbon emissions. The results obtained reveal the necessity of taking measures to increase environmental quality in Bitcoin production.